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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Wikgren, Jan", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Nelimarkka, Anna", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Palovaara, Elina", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-09-27T07:42:32Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-09-27T07:42:32Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1725372", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/55450", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Transkraniaalisella tasavirtastimulaatiolla (tDCS) tarkoitetaan menetelm\u00e4\u00e4, jossa johdetaan heikkoa s\u00e4hk\u00f6virtaa aivokudosten l\u00e4pi elektrodilta toiselle. Tutkimusten mukaan tDCS:lla n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi olevan monenlaisia kliinisi\u00e4 ja kognitiivisia vaikutuksia aina masennuksen hoidosta ty\u00f6muistin parantamiseen. Tulokset ovat kuitenkin monin paikoin varsin ristiriitaisia, eik\u00e4 stimulaation tarkoista vaikutusmekanismeistakaan olla p\u00e4\u00e4sty varmuuteen. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa halusimme tutkia kokeellisesti tDCS:n vaikutuksia erottelu- ja k\u00e4\u00e4nteisoppimiseen sek\u00e4 reagointiherkkyyden muutoksiin silm\u00e4niskuehdollistumisen avulla.\r\n\r\nKokeeseen osallistui 39 i\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4n 18-29-vuotiasta koehenkil\u00f6\u00e4. Tutkittavat jaettiin kahteen ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n, joista toiset saivat tDCS-stimulaatiota kymmenen minuutin ajan, ja toisille annettiin stimulaation tunnetta j\u00e4ljittelev\u00e4\u00e4 sham-stimulaatiota kolmenkymmenen sekunnin ajan. Oppimista ja reagointiherkkyytt\u00e4 tutkiva koeasetelma, silm\u00e4niskuehdollistuminen, rakentui kahdesta eri \u00e4\u00e4ni\u00e4rsykkeest\u00e4, joista toinen esiintyi yksin\u00e4\u00e4n ja toista seurasi ilmapuhallus tutkittavan silm\u00e4kulmaan. Kokeen ensimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 vaiheessa tutkimme, vaikuttaako stimulaatio tutkittavien kykyyn erotella kahta \u00e4rsykett\u00e4 toisistaan. Kokeen edetess\u00e4 \u00e4\u00e4nten merkitykset vaihtuivat kesken\u00e4\u00e4n. T\u00e4m\u00e4 vaihe selvitti stimulaation vaikutusta kykyyn oppia uusi s\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6. Tutkimalla silm\u00e4niskujen voimakkuuksia kokeen eri kohdissa saimme selville, miten stimulaatio vaikuttaa tutkittavien reagointiherkkyyteen.\r\n\r\nStimulaatio ei vaikuttanut \u00e4rsykkeiden erottelukykyyn tai uuden s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6n oppimiseen. Ilmapuhallusta ennakoivan s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6n vaihduttua varsinaista stimulaatiota saaneet reagoivat l\u00e4hes merkitsev\u00e4sti sham-stimulaatiota saaneita enemm\u00e4n niihin \u00e4rsykkeisiin, joita ei seurannut ilmapuhallus viitaten tDCS:n aikaansaaman yleisen reagointiherkkyyden nousuun. Tulosten perusteella tDCS:lla ei siis ole vaikutuksia erottelu- eik\u00e4 k\u00e4\u00e4nteisoppimiseen, ja mahdolliset vaikutukset reagointiherkkyyteenkin ovat pieni\u00e4. Ottaen huomioon kesken\u00e4\u00e4n vahvasti ristiriidassa olevat aikaisemmat tutkimukset ja kent\u00e4n ep\u00e4yhten\u00e4isyyden koemme tarpeen kriittiselle ja hyvin kontrolloidulle lis\u00e4tutkimukselle, jotta tDCS:n vaikutukset sek\u00e4 tarkat vaikutusmekanismit saataisiin paremmin selville, ja jotta menetelm\u00e4\u00e4 voitaisiin hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimuskent\u00e4n ulkopuolella.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on discrimination and reversal learning and changes of responsivity.\r\nTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique where weak electric current is directed through the brain from one electrode to another. Research has found tDCS to have broad clinical and cognitive effects; from improving depression to enhancing working memory. However, the results are quite contradictory, and the specific working mechanisms behind tDCS are still not clear. In this research we examined the effects of tDCS on discrimination and reversal learning by using eyeblink conditioning. The changes in responsivity were also examined.\r\n\r\nThere were 39 18-29 years old participants in the experiment. They were divided into two groups; one group received the real tDCS for ten minutes and the other group artificial stimulation (sham). The setup measuring learning and responsivity, eye blink conditioning, consisted of two different sound stimuli. One stimulus was followed by an airpuff to the corner of the participants eye, while the other stimulus appeared alone. In the first part of the experiment we examined if the stimulation affected the participants ability to differentiate between two stimuli. The meanings of the two stimuli were varied as the experiment proceeded, which measured the participants ability to learn a new rule. By examining the eye blink amplitudes throughout the experiment we examined the effect of stimulation on the responsivity.\r\n\r\nThe stimulation did not affect the ability to differentiate between two stimuli or to learn a new rule. However, after the sound preceding the airpuff changed, the participants who received the real tDCS reacted slightly stronger to the sounds that were not followed by an airpuff indicating a change in the general responsivity level caused by tDCS. The results suggest that tDCS does not affect discrimination or reversal learning and the effects on responsivity are not significant either. Taken into account all the contradictory results from previous experiments and the incongruity of the field we feel the need for more critical and more controlled further experimenting to gain more knowledge of the effects and specific working mechanisms behind tDCS before it can be fully utilised outside the research field.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Anna Nelimarkka (anmaneli) on 2017-09-27 07:42:31.618916. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-09-27T07:42:32Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709273846.pdf: 420383 bytes, checksum: d8277904b13ce7e8983bbe27a757dc4a (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 5199 bytes, checksum: 7bab22b012aa0a96a75b07be0c4489de (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T07:42:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709273846.pdf: 420383 bytes, checksum: d8277904b13ce7e8983bbe27a757dc4a (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 5199 bytes, checksum: 7bab22b012aa0a96a75b07be0c4489de (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2017", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (30 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "transkraniaalinen tasavirtastimulaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "silm\u00e4niskuehdollistuminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "erotteluoppiminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "k\u00e4\u00e4nteisoppiminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "transcranial direct current stimulation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "tDCS", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "eye blink conditioning", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "discrimination learning", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "reversal learning", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "responsivity", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Transkraniaalisen tasavirtastimulaation vaikutukset erottelu- ja k\u00e4\u00e4nteisoppimiseen sek\u00e4 reagointiherkkyyden muutoksiin", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709273846", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", 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