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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, Heikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Linnamo, Vesa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Matom\u00e4ki, Pekka", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-09-21T10:18:47Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-09-21T10:18:47Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1724012", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/55426", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Py\u00f6r\u00e4ilyty\u00f6ss\u00e4 hy\u00f6tysuhdetta (ulkoisen polkemisty\u00f6n suhdetta kokonaisenergiankulutukseen)on helppo tutkia ja t\u00e4llaiseen metaboliseen tehokkuuteen onkin m\u00e4\u00e4ritelty monia erilaisia mittareita. Fysiologisten ja biomekaanisten muuttujien vaikutuksia n\u00e4ihin eri tavoin m\u00e4\u00e4ritettyihin hy\u00f6tysuhteisiin tunnetaan hyvinkin, mutta t\u00e4t\u00e4 ennen ei olla juurikaan\r\ntutkittu mitk\u00e4 ovat eri tavoin m\u00e4\u00e4riteltyjen hy\u00f6tysuhteiden keskin\u00e4iset suhteet.\r\n\r\nTutkimukseen osallistui 14 perustervett\u00e4 fyysisesti aktiivista 31 \u00b1 6 vuotiasta mies- (n = 12)ja naistutkittavaa (n = 2). Tutkittaville laskettiin kuusi erilaista metabolisen tehokkuuden arvoa: vakioteholla (150 W) kokonais- ja nettohy\u00f6tysuhde, kaksi ty\u00f6hy\u00f6tysuhdetta sek\u00e4 taloudellisuus ja lis\u00e4ksi deltahy\u00f6tysuhde ty\u00f6-energiankulutus regressiosuoran kulmakertoimen k\u00e4\u00e4nteislukuna. \r\n\r\nK\u00e4vi ilmi, ett\u00e4 kuusi tutkittua metabolisen tehokkuuden mittaria voidaan jakaa kolmeen ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n j\u00e4rjestyskorrelaatioiden ja faktorianalyysin mukaan. Ensimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 ovat taloudellisuus sek\u00e4 kokonais- ja nettohy\u00f6tysuhde. Toisessa ovat deltahy\u00f6tysuhde ja ty\u00f6hy\u00f6tysuhde, jossa tyhj\u00e4n kuorman polkemiseen k\u00e4ytetty energia on m\u00e4\u00e4ritetty ekstrapoloimalla ty\u00f6-energiankulutus regressiosuoraa. Kolmannessa on ty\u00f6hy\u00f6tysuhde, jossa tyhj\u00e4n kuorman polkemiseen k\u00e4ytetty energia on mitattu suoraan. Ryhm\u00e4t eroavat toisistaan paitsi j\u00e4rjestyskorrelaatiolla mitattuna, my\u00f6s tavoistaan reagoida fysiologisiin muuttujiin. Ensimm\u00e4isen ryhm\u00e4n mittarit olivat alttiimpia mitattujen fysiologisten muuttujien vaikutuksille kuin toisen tai kolmannen ryhm\u00e4n hy\u00f6tysuhteet: paino (r = -0,68, p = 0,02) ja maksimaalinen hapenottokyky (ml/kg/min, r = 0,75, p = 0,005) korreloivat merkitsev\u00e4sti kokonaishy\u00f6tysuhteen kanssa, mutta ei muiden hy\u00f6tysuhteiden. Ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 my\u00f6s todistetaan, ett\u00e4 teoreettisesti kaikki hy\u00f6tysuhteet l\u00e4hestyv\u00e4t deltahy\u00f6tysuhdetta poljettavan tehon kasvaessa rajatta; teoreettisesti kokonaishy\u00f6tysuhde olisi tutkittavilla 0,5 %-yksik\u00f6n p\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 deltahy\u00f6tysuhteesta 1350 \u00b1 750 W teholla. Lis\u00e4ksi deltahy\u00f6tysuhteen tarkkuudelle annetaan kaksi kesken\u00e4\u00e4n hyvin korreloivaa kelpoisuuden mittaria: luottamusv\u00e4li sek\u00e4 lokaalin deltahy\u00f6tysuhteen hajonta. N\u00e4ill\u00e4 mittareilla deltahy\u00f6tysuhteen kelpoisuus on suhteellisen heikko (esimerkiksi 95 %:n luottamusv\u00e4lin pituus oli 6,9 \u00b1 5,2 %-yksikk\u00f6\u00e4). Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan my\u00f6s kirjallisuudessa k\u00e4ytetty\u00e4 kahta eri tapaa mitata tyhj\u00e4n kuorman polkemisen energiankulutusta ja huomataan molemmista l\u00f6ytyv\u00e4n vastaamattomia ongelmia niiden perusteista.\r\n\r\nT\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen perusteella n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi, ett\u00e4 eri hy\u00f6tysuhteet voidaan jaotella kolmeen eri ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n ja ne mittaavat toisistaan eri\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 tavalla mekaanista hy\u00f6tysuhdetta. N\u00e4in ollen esimerkiksi deltahy\u00f6tysuhteelle tehtyjen tutkimuksien tuloksia ei siis voitaisi suoraan laajentaa koskemaan muita hy\u00f6tysuhteita. Lis\u00e4ksi muiden hy\u00f6tysuhteiden m\u00e4\u00e4ritysten ongelmien ja ep\u00e4tarkkuuksien takia n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi, ett\u00e4 Ryhm\u00e4 I voisi konsistenttisuudessaan ja yksiselitteisyydess\u00e4\u00e4n olla paras ryhm\u00e4 edustamaan yksil\u00f6n hy\u00f6tysuhdetta. Siit\u00e4kin huolimatta, ett\u00e4 se ei v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 riitt\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 tarkkuudella kuvaa luurankolihaksen mekaanista hy\u00f6tysuhdetta. Edelleen, tutkimus selitt\u00e4\u00e4 aiemmin kirjallisuudessa havaitun deltahy\u00f6tysuhteen heikohkon toistettavuudelle tilastollisesti teho-energiankulutus regressiosuoran ep\u00e4varmuudella, mink\u00e4 aiheuttaa todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti havaintopisteiden, tavallisesti 3-6, niukka m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Connections between cycling efficienciens. Because of its easiness, mechanical efficiency of cycling (the ratio between mechanical work and the expended energy) is widely studied and there are many differently defined indicators for this kind of metabolic effectiveness of body. Much is known about the effects of different physiological and biomechanical factors to these differently defined mechanical efficiencies. However, it has not been investigated before how these differently defined mechanical efficiencies interact with each other.\r\n\r\nFourteen physically active men (n = 12) and women (n = 2), aged 31 \u00b1 6 years, participated in this study. For each subject, we calculated six different metabolic effectiveness values for cycling work: At a given load (150 W) gross- and net efficiencies, two work efficiencies and economy and in addition we calculated delta efficiency from linear work-consumed energy regression line.\r\n\r\nWe found that the studied six measurements of metabolic effectiveness can be divided into three groups based on rank correlation and factor analysis. Economy together with gross- and net efficiency belonged to Group I. In Group II there were delta efficiency and work efficiency, where the consumed energy of a zero load was extrapolated from work-consumed energy regression line. Finally, in Group III there was only work efficiency, where the consumed energy of a zero load was directly measured. Groups differed from each other not only by the rank correlation but also how they responded to physiological factors. Measures from Group I were more influenced by the investigated physiological factors than the measures from Groups II or III: For example, weight (r = -0,68, p = 0,02) and maximal oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min, r = 0,75, p = 0,005) correlated significantly with gross efficiency from Group I but not with any efficiencies from other groups. We also prove that theoretically every efficiencies asymptotically approaches delta efficiency as pedalled load increases to infinity; Theoretically gross efficiency was at 0.5 %-point neighbourhood of delta efficiency at 1350 \u00b1 750 W load. In addition, we give two different well correlated measurements of fitness for delta efficiency: a confidence interval and a standard deviation of a local delta efficiency. Measured by these values, the fitness of a delta efficiency is relatively poor (for example, the length of a 95 % confidence interval was 6,9 \u00b1 5,2 %-points). Lastly, we investigate two different ways to measure the energy consumption of a zero load used in the literature, and we conclude that the foundation of them both contain unanswered problems.\r\n\r\nBased on this study, it seems that cycling efficiencies can be divided into three separated groups and they measure differently mechanical efficiency. Straight conclusion from this is that results from, say, delta efficiency cannot be straightforwardly applied to other efficiencies. In addition, based on problems and imprecisions with other efficiencies, it seems that Group I could be the best indicator for mechanical efficiency because of its consistency and unambiguity. Moreover, this study explains previously noticed poor repeatability of a delta efficiency via uncertainty of a work-consumed energy regression line. This uncertainty in turn arises, presumably, because of using too few observation points (typically 3-6).", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Pekka Matom\u00e4ki (pejamato) on 2017-09-21 10:18:46.337287. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-09-21T10:18:47Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709213788.pdf: 1231843 bytes, checksum: f2aac8dfd45da96835ce6305bb7c97b5 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4798 bytes, checksum: 1d4806a2f1d12caf3c90b5e2cd5f54d6 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T10:18:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709213788.pdf: 1231843 bytes, checksum: f2aac8dfd45da96835ce6305bb7c97b5 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4798 bytes, checksum: 1d4806a2f1d12caf3c90b5e2cd5f54d6 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2017", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (113 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "cycling", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "metabolism", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "energy consumption", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "efficiency", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Py\u00f6r\u00e4ilyn hy\u00f6tysuhteiden yhteyksi\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709213788", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2017-09-21T10:18:47Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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