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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Sims, Angela", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Koskela, Esa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Sorri, Elina", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-09-20T14:54:26Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-09-20T14:54:26Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1724010", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/55420", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4n (Myodes glareolus) fenotyyppisten muutosten\r\nepigeneettiset mekanismit eri populaatiotiheyksiss\u00e4. Epigeneettisilla mekanismeilla on perustava rooli normaalissa geeniekspression aktiivisuudessa ja ne voidaan n\u00e4hd\u00e4 molekulaaristen prosessien systeemin\u00e4, joka reagoi ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tekij\u00f6ihin ja s\u00e4\u00e4telee geenis\u00e4\u00e4tely\u00e4 muuttamatta alkuper\u00e4ist\u00e4 DNA-sekvenssi\u00e4. DNA-metylaatio on eniten tutkittu epigeneettinen mekanismi jolla on t\u00e4rke\u00e4 rooli geenien s\u00e4\u00e4telyss\u00e4 normaalin solujen kehityksen aikana. Metylaatio ilmenee tyypillisesti CpG-dinukleotideissa, joissa metyyliryhm\u00e4 kiinnittyy 5\u2019-sytosiiniin (C) jota seuraava em\u00e4s on guaniini (G). T\u00e4m\u00e4 voi est\u00e4\u00e4 n\u00e4ihin CpG-paikkoihin liittyvien geenien ilmentymisen. DNA-sekvenssin alueet joissa CpG-dinukleotideja esiintyy runsaasti, GpG-saaret, sijaitsevat geenien promoottorialueella ja n\u00e4iden metylaatio voi muuttaa geenin ilmentymist\u00e4 ja yksil\u00f6n fenotyyppi\u00e4. T\u00e4ll\u00e4 metylaatiokuviolla on potentiaali olla sukupolvien yli periytyv\u00e4 ja siten epigeneettiset mekanismit voisivat olla keino sopeutua muuttuviin valintapaineisiin. Populaatiotiheyden muutosten on arveltu vaikuttavan epigeneettiseen s\u00e4\u00e4telyyn erityisesti niiss\u00e4 geeneiss\u00e4, jotka koodaavat hormoneja ja/tai reseptoreissa, jotka vaikuttavat populaatiotiheydest\u00e4 riippuvaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymiseen. Mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4ll\u00e4 (Myodes glareolus),populaatiotiheys korreloi stressiherkkyyden, aggressiivisuuden, lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisaktiivisuuden, poikuekoon ja omiin j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isiin kohdistuvan aggressiivisuuden kanssa. N\u00e4ihin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymispiirteisiin vaikuttavat useimmiten my\u00f6s useat hormonit. Oksitosiinilla on keskeinen rooli lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymises\u00e4 ja sosiaalisessa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymisess\u00e4, kuten emon hoivak\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen, stressi ja ahdistuneisuus. Tutkielmani keskeisin tutkimuskysymys on kuinka populaatiotiheys vaikuttaa oksitosiinihormonin reseptorigeenin promoottorialueen CpG-saarien metylaatioon. Hypoteesini on, ett\u00e4 korkeassa populaatiotiheydess\u00e4 metylaatio on v\u00e4h\u00e4isemp\u00e4\u00e4, mik\u00e4 mahdollistaa oksitosiinin reseptorigeenin transkription. T\u00e4m\u00e4 edist\u00e4isi yksil\u00f6n vastaanottokyky\u00e4 oksitosiinin vaikutuksille. Metylaatioastetta tutkittiin eri kudoksista DNA-n\u00e4ytteist\u00e4 mets\u00e4myyrien F1-sukupolven j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isist\u00e4, joiden kehitys ennen ja j\u00e4lkeen synnytyksen tapahtui korkeassa tai matalassa populaatiotiheydess\u00e4. Metylaatiotasot olivat merkitsev\u00e4sti matalammat korkean tiheyden n\u00e4ytteiss\u00e4 maksan, keuhkojen, syd\u00e4men ja munuaisten kudosn\u00e4ytteiss\u00e4. Tulokset viittaavat oksitosiinin reseptorigeenin korkeampaan ilmentymiseen ja yksil\u00f6iden korkeampaan herkkyyteen oksitosiinin vaikutuksille korkeassa populaatiotiheydess\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Epigenetic mechanisms play a fundamental role in normal gene expression activity and can be seen as a system of molecular processes that react to environmental cues and regulate gene expression without changing the original sequences. DNA methylation is a commonly studied epigenetic mechanism which typically occurs at CpG-sites when a methylgroup is added to the 5\u2019-position of a cytosine followed by a guanine and this can inhibit the transcription of the associated genes. Regions of DNA sequence that are dense in CG-dinucleotides, called CpG islands, are located in gene promoter regions and their methylation can alter gene expression and phenotype. These methylation markers have the potential to be transgenerational and thus epigenetics mechanism could provide a pathway to adapt to varying selection pressures. Changes in population density are predicted to cause changes in epigenetic regulation of genes coding hormones and/or their receptors associated with density-dependent behaviour. In the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) population density correlates with several phenotypic traits such as: behaviour, breeding activity and infanticide. The oxytocin hormone has a crucial role in reproduction and social behaviour, such as maternal care, stress and anxiety. The main question of my thesis is how population density affects the methylation of CpG islands located in the promoter region of the oxytocin receptor gene (Oxtr). I hypothesize that in a high population density, methylation is decreased to enable more transcription of the Oxtr enhancing the responsivity of the individual to the effects of oxytocin in order to endure the stressful social environment. This was studied from DNA samples extracted from tissues of the F1 bank vole offspring whose prenatal and early postnatal development took place in either a high or a low population density. The methylation levels were significantly lower in the high density samples in the liver, lung, heart, muscle and kidney tissues, whereas no significant differences were found in the brain, blood and gonad samples. These results indicate that the expression of oxytocin receptor gene, Oxtr, is positively density-dependent and therefore individuals in higher densities are more responsive to oxytocin effects. Whether this is beneficial for the reproductive success or survival of bank vole individuals and further on the process of adaptive evolution remains to be studied.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Elina Sorri (elmasorr) on 2017-09-20 14:54:26.378402. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-09-20T14:54:26Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709203781.pdf: 703854 bytes, checksum: 2812d5169de689015d68147c97bc4451 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4866 bytes, checksum: 812c078c131107a86eb3607194110441 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T14:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709203781.pdf: 703854 bytes, checksum: 2812d5169de689015d68147c97bc4451 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4866 bytes, checksum: 812c078c131107a86eb3607194110441 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2017", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (26 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "metylaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Myodes glareolus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "bank vole", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "population density", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "epigenetics", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "methylation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "CpG island", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "oxytocin", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Epigenetic mechanisms behind phenotypic changes in different population densities in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709203781", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2017-09-20T14:54:27Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4011", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "oksitosiini", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "populaatiot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tiheys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "epigenetiikka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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