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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Parviainen, Tiina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Karjalainen, Suvi", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-08-25T08:27:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-08-25T08:27:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1719577", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/55179", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Although extensive research has focused on understanding the generation and modification of resting cortical activity, the underlying physiological and neural mechanisms still remain unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how physical activity and maturation are associated with resting cortical activity, and more accurately the maximum alpha power and the peak frequency of resting state. Resting cortical activity was measured from 63 adolescents between the age of 12 and 16 years using magnetoencephalography (MEG) while the participants were sitting relaxed eyes open for 3 minutes and eyes closed for 3 minutes. In addition, the total gray and white matter volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The participants were classified into low/moderate-activity (n=39) and higher-activity (n=22) groups based on their daily amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity. The MEG data was converted from its original domain to a representation in the frequency domain and individual averages for each brain area (left and right, parietal and occipital) and condition (eyes open and closed) were calculated from the resting state spectrum. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the maximum power and the peak frequency of the resting state between conditions and brain areas in different physical activity groups. Furthermore, the test of multiple mediation was applied to investigate the effects of physical activity and maturational measures on resting state.\r\nAmong all participants, the maximum alpha power and the peak frequency were higher in eyes closed than in eyes open condition. The results revealed differences approaching significance in the maximum alpha power and the peak frequency between low/moderate-activity and higher-activity adolescents. Overall, low/moderate-activity group showed stronger alpha power and higher peak frequencies than higher-activity group. When the effects of physical activity and maturation on resting state were investigated, the results revealed that higher volume of gray matter was linked with higher alpha power in left parietal area. In addition, higher volumes of both gray and white matter were linked with higher alpha power in right parietal area. Furthermore, the association between puberty and alpha power in left occipital area was found to be mediated via gray and white matter volume.\r\nThe differences in resting alpha power between the physical activity groups may be linked with differences in vigilance and arousal during non-task resting state. Differences in the peak frequencies between activity groups may indicate differences in white matter maturation or overall differences in the cognitive abilities. Although the relationship between physical activity, maturation and resting cortical activity seems highly complex, our findings imply that physical activity and pubertal maturation together may result in the modulation of resting cortical activity via structural maturation of the brain. However, further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms modulating the resting cortical activity.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Vaikka useat tutkimukset ovat pyrkineet ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n aivojen lepoaktiivisuuden syntymiseen ja muuntumiseen vaikuttavia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4, ovat sen taustalla olevat fysiologiset sek\u00e4 neuraaliset mekanismit yh\u00e4 selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 miten fyysinen aktiivisuus ja kypsyminen ovat yhteydess\u00e4 aivojen kortikaaliseen aktivaatioon, ja erityisesti alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuuteen sek\u00e4 taajuuteen lepotilassa. Aivojen lepoaktiivisuus mitattiin 63:lta tutkimukseen osallistuneelta 12-16-vuotiaalta nuorelta hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 magnetoenkefalografiaa (MEG). Tutkimuksen aikana koehenkil\u00f6t istuivat MEG-laitteessa 3 minuuttia silm\u00e4t auki ja 3 minuuttia silm\u00e4t kiinni. Lis\u00e4ksi, magneettikuvantamisen (MRI) avulla mitattiin aivojen harmaan sek\u00e4 valkean aineen kokonaisvolyymit. Koehenkil\u00f6t luokiteltiin p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4isen fyysisen aktiivisuuden mukaan matala- ja keskitasoisesti (n=39) sek\u00e4 korkeasti aktiivisiin (n=22). MEG-data muunnettiin taajuus-ulottuvuuteen ja lepoaktiivisuuden yksil\u00f6lliset keskiarvot laskettiin jokaiselle aivoalueelle (vasen ja oikea, parietaali ja okkipitaali) sek\u00e4 tilanteelle (silm\u00e4t auki ja kiinni). Toistomittausten varianssianalyysin (ANOVA) avulla alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuutta sek\u00e4 taajuutta verrattiin eri tilanteissa sek\u00e4 eri aivoalueilla ryhmien kesken. Lis\u00e4ksi fyysisen aktiivisuuden sek\u00e4 kypsymist\u00e4 kuvaavien mittareiden yhteytt\u00e4 lepoaktiivisuuteen tutkittiin mediaattorimallien avulla.\r\nKaikkia koehenkil\u00f6it\u00e4 samanaikaisesti tarkasteltaessa havaittiin, ett\u00e4 alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuus sek\u00e4 taajuus olivat suurempia silloin, kun lepoaktiivisuutta mitattiin silm\u00e4t kiinni verrattuna silm\u00e4t auki -tilanteeseen. Lis\u00e4ksi havaittiin merkitsev\u00e4t erot ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuudessa sek\u00e4 taajuudessa. Matala- ja keskitasoisesti aktiivisten ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 sek\u00e4 alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuus ett\u00e4 taajuus olivat suurempia kuin korkeasti aktiivisten ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4. Fyysisen aktiivisuuden ja kypsymisen vaikutusta lepoaktiivisuuteen tutkittaessa havaittiin korkeamman harmaan aineen volyymin olevan merkitsev\u00e4sti yhteydess\u00e4 korkeampaan alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuuteen vasemman hemisf\u00e4\u00e4rin parietaalialueella. Lis\u00e4ksi havaittiin sek\u00e4 korkeamman harmaan ett\u00e4 valkean aineen volyymien olevan yhteydess\u00e4 korkeampaan alfan voimakkuuteen oikean hemisf\u00e4\u00e4rin parietaalialueella. Puberteetin yhteys alfan voimakkuuteen vasemmassa hemisf\u00e4\u00e4riss\u00e4 okkipitaalialueella sen sijaan kulki mediaattoreina toimivien harmaan sek\u00e4 valkean aineen volyymin kautta.\r\nErot aivojen alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuudessa ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 voivat liitty\u00e4 eroihin vireystilassa levon aikana. Erot alfa-oskillaatioiden taajuuksissa ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 viittaavat eroihin valkean aineen kypsymisess\u00e4 tai toisaalta kokonaisvaltaisempiin eroihin kognitiivisissa taidoissa. Vaikka fyysisen aktiivisuuden, kypsymisen ja aivojen lepoaktiivisuuden v\u00e4liset yhteydet ovat monimutkaisia, tuloksemme osoittavat fyysisen aktiivisuuden sek\u00e4 puberteetin olevan yhteydess\u00e4 lepoaktiivisuuteen aivojen rakenteellisen kypsymisen kautta. Kuitenkin tarvitaan viel\u00e4 lis\u00e4tutkimusta, jotta lepoaktiivisuuteen vaikuttavat mekanismit saataisiin selvitetty\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Suvi Karjalainen (suvkarka) on 2017-08-25 08:27:46.141123. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). 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No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201708253561.pdf: 1024828 bytes, checksum: 33178e087cab24bfa50c1172b655b904 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 1172 bytes, checksum: a12007aa1b2cac505d485f9d59cf4f97 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2017", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (47 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "alfa-oskillaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "resting state", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "physical activity", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maturation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "puberty", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "alpha oscillation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "magnetoencephalography", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "magnetic resonance imaging", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "The role of physical 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Aineisto on luettavissa Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6asemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "This material has a restricted access due to copyright reasons. It can be read at the workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library reserved for the use of archival materials: https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities.", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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