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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Halme, Panu", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kahanp\u00e4\u00e4, Jere", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Toikkanen, Jenni", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-07-04T14:06:13Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-07-04T14:06:13Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1704618", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/54841", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6 on yksi voimakkaimmista luonnon monimuotoisuutta v\u00e4hent\u00e4vist\u00e4 tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4. Tehomaatalouden ja sen aiheuttaman maiseman yksinkertaistumisen vuoksi p\u00f6lytt\u00e4j\u00e4t ovat ajautuneet maailmanlaajuiseen kriisiin. Maisemaekologiassa tutkitaan, kuinka maisemarakenteen vaihtelevuus vaikuttaa eli\u00f6yhteis\u00f6jen monimuotoisuuteen. Maisemarakenteen vaihtelevuus -hypoteesin mukaan maiseman rakenteellisen vaihtelevuuden lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyess\u00e4 erilaisia olosuhteita ja resursseja on enemm\u00e4n lajien saatavilla, jolloin lajistollinen monimuotoisuus kasvaa. Useissa tutkimuksissa on havaittu, ett\u00e4 maisemarakenteen vaihtelevuudella on yleens\u00e4 my\u00f6nteinen vaikutus eli\u00f6yhteis\u00f6jen monimuotoisuuteen. Maisemarakennetta voidaan kuitenkin mitata monin eri tavoin, mik\u00e4 vaikeuttaa tutkimusten vertailua. Mittaustapaan vaikuttavat muun muassa tutkimuskysymykset ja tutkittava eli\u00f6yhteis\u00f6. Kukkak\u00e4rp\u00e4set ovat aikuisina p\u00f6lytt\u00e4ji\u00e4, mutta toukat el\u00e4v\u00e4t monissa erilaisissa elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6iss\u00e4, joissa ne k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t ravintonaan esimerkiksi lahopuuta ja kirvoja. Ensisijaisesti tutkin Pro gradussani, kuinka kuminapeltoja ymp\u00e4r\u00f6iv\u00e4 maiseman vaihtelevuus ja tietyt maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6muodot vaikuttavat kuminapeltojen kukkak\u00e4rp\u00e4siin. Maiseman vaihtelevuutta mittasin maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6muotojen monimuotoisuudella, jota kuvaa niist\u00e4 laskettu indeksi. Lis\u00e4ksi selvitin, kuinka tietyt maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6muodot ja niiden suhteelliset osuudet vaikuttavat kukkak\u00e4rp\u00e4siin. Selvitin my\u00f6s maisemarakenteen vaihtelevuuden ja yksitt\u00e4isten maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6muotojen vaikutusta muihin p\u00f6lytt\u00e4jiin eli mesipisti\u00e4isiin ja k\u00e4rp\u00e4siin. Tutkimuksessa oli mukana Keski-Suomesta 22 kuminapeltoa, joista ker\u00e4sin kuminan kukinnan ajan p\u00f6lytt\u00e4ji\u00e4 maljapyydyksill\u00e4. Tutkittavan maiseman s\u00e4tein\u00e4 k\u00e4ytin 500 ja 1000 metri\u00e4. Maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6muotojen monimuotoisuudella ei havaittu merkityst\u00e4 kukkak\u00e4rp\u00e4sille, mutta muihin p\u00f6lytt\u00e4jiin maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6muotojen monimuotoisuus vaikutti p\u00f6lytt\u00e4j\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 v\u00e4hent\u00e4v\u00e4sti. Kukkak\u00e4rp\u00e4sten lajim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 kasvoi, kun sekametsien osuus maisemassa kasvoi ja kun maatalousmaan osuus v\u00e4heni. J\u00e4rvien mukanaolo maisemassa v\u00e4hensi kukkak\u00e4rp\u00e4sten laji- ja yksil\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4. Mesipisti\u00e4isten m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 kasvoi, kun maatalousmaan osuus maisemassa kasvoi ja havumetsien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 v\u00e4heni. K\u00e4rp\u00e4sille yksitt\u00e4isill\u00e4 maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6muodoilla ei ollut merkityst\u00e4. Tutkimukseni osoittaa, ett\u00e4 maank\u00e4yt\u00f6ll\u00e4 on merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 ja erilaisia vaikutuksia eri p\u00f6lytt\u00e4j\u00e4ryhmiin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tarkoittaa sit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n suunnittelua tulisi lis\u00e4t\u00e4, jotta ei aiheutettaisi liian suurta haittaa yhdellek\u00e4\u00e4n p\u00f6lytt\u00e4j\u00e4ryhm\u00e4lle. P\u00f6lytt\u00e4jien kriisin hillint\u00e4 on ensiarvoista my\u00f6s maailman ruuantuotannolle ja ihmisten hyvinvoinnille.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Land use is one of the main factors that cause the biodiversity loss globally. For instance, important pollinators are in worldwide crisis. Agricultural intensification has led to structurally simple landscapes, which reduces the resources vital to pollinators. In landscape ecology, researchers explore how landscape structure affects species diversity. Habitat heterogeneity -hypothesis states that structurally heterogeneous landscapes have more different resources and conditions than simple landscapes, which increases the species diversity. In numerous studies structurally heterogeneous landscapes have shown to have positive effects on species diversity. However, the landscape structure can be measured in many ways, making it difficult to compare different studies. The method depends, for example, on research questions and the species studied. Adult hoverflies are pollinators, but the larvae live in many habitats and use variety of resources. Main purpose in my Master\u2019s thesis was to find out, how landscape structure and different land cover types affect hoverfly diversity in caraway fields. I measured the landscape structure as a diversity of land cover types and calculated an index to describe it. I used proportions of land cover types to find out if there are some particular types explaining the hoverfly diversity. Additionally, I studied the effects of landscape structure and land cover types to other pollinators, i.e. bees and flies. I collected pollinators by using pan traps in 22 caraway fields in Central Finland. I used two different spatial scales, 500 m and 1000 m of radius, around the centre of the caraway fields. The diversity of land cover types did not have any effect on hoverflies, but the increasing amount of mixed forests increased the species richness of hoverflies. Increasing amount of agricultural land had negative effects on species richness and abundance of hoverflies. Increasing diversity of land cover types decreased the abundance of bees and flies. Increasing amount of agricultural land increased the abundance of bees, but increasing amount of coniferous forest decreased the bee abundance. Different land cover types did not have effect on flies. My study addresses that land use have significant and different effects on pollinators. This denotes, that land use planning should be augmented to not to cause excessively harm to any pollinator groups. Reducing pollinators' global crisis is also critical for people's well-being and food production.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Jenni Toikkanen (jeantoik) on 2017-07-04 14:06:12.858088. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-07-04T14:06:13Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201707043229.pdf: 1883723 bytes, checksum: 3fc9a93070977b98d69cf1b6707fa8f5 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4848 bytes, checksum: c9bc2371f60e535b6e98a9cc6cb06620 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T14:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201707043229.pdf: 1883723 bytes, checksum: 3fc9a93070977b98d69cf1b6707fa8f5 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4848 bytes, checksum: c9bc2371f60e535b6e98a9cc6cb06620 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2017", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (45 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n vaikutus kuminapeltojen kukkak\u00e4rp\u00e4siin (Syrphidae) ja muihin p\u00f6lytt\u00e4jiin", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201707043229", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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