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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lehto Martti", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Santaharju, Kalle", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-06-28T07:30:14Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-06-28T07:30:14Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1704330", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/54702", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Santaharju, Kalle\r\nGPS-vastaanottimien harhauttaminen Helsingin L\u00e4nsisataman syv\u00e4v\u00e4yl\u00e4n alu-eella ja sen vaikutukset merenkulkuun\r\nJyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4: Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto, 2017, 75 s.\r\nKyberturvallisuus, Pro gradu\r\nOhjaajat: Lehto, Martti\r\nTutkimuksessa selvitet\u00e4\u00e4n teoreettisesta ja laadullisesta n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta miten haavoittuva ja onnettomuusaltis Helsingin L\u00e4nsisataman syv\u00e4v\u00e4yl\u00e4n alue on satelliittipaikannusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n kohdistuvan onnistuneen harhautushy\u00f6k-k\u00e4yksen sattuessa. Satelliittipaikannusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4, alusten automaattinen tun-nistusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 ynn\u00e4 muut navigoinnin j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t on yhdistetty osaksi in-tegroitua merikarttaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4, mik\u00e4 her\u00e4tt\u00e4\u00e4 kysymyksen siit\u00e4, olisiko mah-dollista, ett\u00e4 harhauttamalla satelliittipaikannusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n vastaanotinta kyet-t\u00e4isiin ajatuttamaan alus v\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4lle suunnalle? Jos alus vastaanottaa harhautettua satelliittipaikannukseen perustuvaa signaalia, voi t\u00e4m\u00e4 johtaa hiljalleen aluk-sen lipumiseen sivuun v\u00e4yl\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4n kohti onnettomuutta. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa selvitet\u00e4\u00e4n satelliittipaikannukseen perustuvan signaalin harhauttamisen teo-riaa sek\u00e4 pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n vastaamaan siihen, miten yhteiskuntamme on valmistautu-nut ja huomioinut yll\u00e4 esitellyn tilanteen. Tutkimus painottuu suuriin risteili-j\u00e4aluksiin, joita tutkittavalla alueella liikkuu p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4in useita vuoden ajankoh-dasta riippumatta. Kirjallisen teorian lis\u00e4ksi varmuutta ja todistusaineistoa tutkimukselle on haettu oman alansa asiantuntijoilta tekem\u00e4ll\u00e4 heille teema-haastattelu, joista saatua tietoa on verrattu alussa kirjallisuuskatsauksella ke-r\u00e4ttyyn teoriaan. \r\nTutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 alusten ajattaminen onnettomuus-alttiiseen tilanteeseen onnistuu vain, jos alus liikkuu t\u00e4ysin automaation varai-sesti, ja navigoija ohjailee alustaan vastoin kansallisia ja kansainv\u00e4lisi\u00e4 meren-kulun lakeja. Navigoija ei t\u00e4ll\u00f6in syyst\u00e4 tai toisesta vertaile satelliittipaikan-nusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n tuomaa tietoa visuaaliseen navigoinnin ja tutkan tuomaan tie-toon. Aluksen satelliittipaikannusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n kautta saatu manipuloitu tieto menee lis\u00e4ksi alusten automaattisen tunnistusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n kautta Helsingin alusliikennepalvelukeskukselle, joka kykenee paljastamaan mahdollisen har-hautustilanteen vertailemalla omia tietojaan fuusioidusta tilannekuvamallis-taan. T\u00e4m\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 koostuu useista tutkista, kameroista ja alusten auto-maattisesta tunnistusj\u00e4rjestelmien l\u00e4hett\u00e4mist\u00e4 tiedoista. Jos alus jostain syyst\u00e4 ajautuisi v\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4lle suunnalle, Alusliikennepalvelukeskus kykenee n\u00e4kem\u00e4\u00e4n t\u00e4m\u00e4n ristiriitatilanteen, koska kaikki n\u00e4m\u00e4 tekniset j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t perustuvat eri tekniikalle ja ovat t\u00e4ysin itsen\u00e4isi\u00e4. Alusliikennepalvelukeskuksissa luotetaan t\u00e4llaisissa tilanteissa vain tutkan tuomaan tietoon. \r\nAsiasanat: Satelliittipaikannusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4, GPS-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4, satelliittipaikan-nusharhautus, GPS-harhautus, alusten automaattinen tunnistusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4, AIS-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4, VTS", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Santaharju, Kalle\r\nGPS-spoofing in the Helsinki West Harbour sea area and its effects on seafaring\r\nJyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4: University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, 2010, 75 p.\r\nMajor subject, Cyber Security, Master\u2019s Thesis\r\nSupervisor(s): Lehto, Martti\r\nThis study examines the risk profile of the Helsinki West Harbour sea area and investigates its susceptibility in the event of a GPS-spoofing attack. The research is conducted from both a theoretical and a qualitative perspective. As a vessel\u2019s GPS (Global Positioning System) and AIS (Automatic Identificati-on System) are both connected within the ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display In-formation System), this raises the question if a vessel could be misdirected to a false course by spoofing the GPS receiver. Were a vessel to receive a spoofed GPS-based signal, the risk of the vessel slowly drifting off course and towards potential collision arises. This study outlines the theories regarding GPS-spoofing, and analyses how Finnish Maritime protocol has taken into account and prepared for the risks involved. The study focuses on large cruise ships several of which operate daily throughout the year in the Helsinki West Har-bour area. As a counterpoint to the literature review and theoretical debate the paper introduces interviews with leading experts of the field. These interviews offer new insight and expand upon the discussion presented in the literature review. \r\nThe research findings indicate that misguiding vessels into potentially dangerous situations is only possible if the vessel is fully reliant on automation and is, in breach of both national and international Maritime law, not helmed by a navigator. In this scenario, the navigator is for whatever reason failing to compare information provided by the GPS with information from both visual navigation and radar. The manipulated information received by the GPS howe-ver is also transmitted through the AIS to the Helsinki Vessel Traffic Service, which can identify potential spoofing by cross-referencing the information re-ceived with their own surveillance system. This system compiles information from several radars, cameras and coordinates received by the vessel\u2019s GPS. If a vessel were to veer off course the Helsinki Vessel Traffic Service could identify the discrepancies in the navigation information as the technical systems rely on entirely separate technology and are completely independent of one-another. In cases of conflicting information, the Vessel Traffic Service prioritises the infor-mation provided by radars. \r\nKeywords: Global Positioning System, GPS, GPS-spoofing, Automatic Identifi-cation System, AIS, Vessel Traffic Service", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Kalle Santaharju (kalosksa) on 2017-06-28 07:30:14.178321. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). 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