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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kontinen, Tiina.", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kauppinen, Ilkka.", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Ainamo, Katariina", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-05-23T08:54:26Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-05-23T08:54:26Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1702169", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/54072", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ihmiskauppa on aihe, jota on viime vuosien aikana tutkittu kasvavissa m\u00e4\u00e4rin. My\u00f6s katulapsia on tutkimuksissa tutkittu globaalisti paljon. Niiss\u00e4 on etenkin keskitytty katulasten el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n kaduilla, sek\u00e4 erilaisiin tapoihin mill\u00e4 n\u00e4it\u00e4 lapsia voitaisiin auttaa. N\u00e4iden kahden ilmi\u00f6n, ihmiskaupan ja katulasten tutkiminen yhdess\u00e4 on j\u00e4\u00e4nyt kuitenkin todella v\u00e4h\u00e4lle. Keniassa n\u00e4iden v\u00e4list\u00e4 suhdetta ei tutkijan tiet\u00e4myksen mukaan ole tutkittu ollenkaan. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus pyrkiikin selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n katulasten ja ihmiskaupan v\u00e4list\u00e4 suhdetta; ovatko katulapset Nairobissa haavoittuvaisia ihmiskaupalle ja ovatko ihmiskauppa ja katulapset jo linkittyneit\u00e4 toisiinsa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi tutkimus pyrkii selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n katulasten erilaisia haavoittuvaisuuksia, selviytymismekanismeja, sek\u00e4 sinnikkyyden merkkej\u00e4. Lis\u00e4ksi erotteluja tehd\u00e4\u00e4n katutytt\u00f6jen sek\u00e4 -poikien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 tapauksissa miss\u00e4 eroja on n\u00e4ht\u00e4viss\u00e4.\r\n\r\nT\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus on luonteeltaan etnografinen ja sen tutkimusaineisto ker\u00e4ttiin Nairobissa, Keniassa. Tutkimusaineisto ker\u00e4ttiin haastattelemalla asiantuntijoita, joista osa ty\u00f6skentelee katulasten parissa erilaisissa instituutioissa ja osa kaduilla. T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi kahta jo kaduilta pelastettua katupoikaa haastateltiin tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksen teoriaosuus k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 hyv\u00e4kseen aiempaa tutkimusta haavoittuvuuden sek\u00e4 sinnikkyyden m\u00e4\u00e4rittelyist\u00e4 ja n\u00e4m\u00e4 ohjaavat my\u00f6s ty\u00f6n analyysi\u00e4.\r\n\r\nTutkimuksen mukaan katulapset ovat vaarassa joutua ihmiskaupan uhreiksi Nairobissa. He ovat haavoittuvaisessa tilassa johtuen katuel\u00e4m\u00e4n tuomista vaaroista sek\u00e4 rajallisista resursseista. Tutkimuksen mukaan etenkin v\u00e4kivalta, rikollinen toiminta, huumausaineiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6, seksuaalinen hyv\u00e4ksik\u00e4ytt\u00f6, sek\u00e4 puuttuvat turvaverkostot tekev\u00e4t katulapsista todella haavoittuvaisia eri vaaroille. Sinnikkyyden merkeiksi identifioitiin lasten kyky sopeutua katuel\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, heid\u00e4n ep\u00e4luulonsa ulkopuolisia kohtaan, sek\u00e4 ihmisten haluttomuus kommunikoida n\u00e4iden kanssa. Katutytt\u00f6jen koettiin olevan viel\u00e4 haavoittuvaisempia johtuen heid\u00e4n sukupuolestaan, mik\u00e4 johtaa helposti seksuaaliseen hyv\u00e4ksik\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n. T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi katutytt\u00f6jen yleisin tapa ansaita rahaa oli prostituutio. Katutyt\u00f6ille kaikkein tehokkain tapa pit\u00e4\u00e4 itsens\u00e4 turvassa oli \u201cmenem\u00e4ll\u00e4 naimisiin\u201d katupojan kanssa.\r\n\r\nKatulapsiin kohdistuva ihmiskauppa ilmeni eri muodoissa: katulapsia otettiin pois kaduilta, heit\u00e4 hyv\u00e4ksik\u00e4ytettiin kaduilla muiden kadulla asujien toimesta, ihmiskaupan uhreja ty\u00f6llistettiin kaduilla, lapsia ja vauvoja kidnapattiin ja mahdollisesti kaupattiin ja my\u00f6s kaduilta pelastetut lapset p\u00e4\u00e4tyiv\u00e4t ihmiskaupan uhreiksi. Tutkimus l\u00f6ysi kaikista n\u00e4ist\u00e4 joko vahvistettuja tapauksia tai tapauksia, jotka osoittavat lasten olevan suuressa vaarassa joutua ihmiskaupan uhreiksi. Tutkimuksen johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6s oli ett\u00e4 katulapset ovat haavoittuvaisia ihmiskaupalle ja he joutuvat ihmiskaupan uhreiksi sek\u00e4 kaduilla ett\u00e4 katujen ulkopuolella.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Human trafficking, also known as modern day slavery has gained increasing interest in research in recent years. The topic of street children has also been extensively studied around the world. The existing research has concentrated especially on how children live on the streets and how to help them off the streets. Studying the two phenomena of human trafficking and street children together, however, has not been very extensively studied. In Kenyan context, no research about the connection of the two has been done. Thus, this research aims to fill this gap by investigating the following research questions: 1.) What are the different forms of labour among the street children and does it include human trafficking?, 2.) What are the vulnerabilities and protective factors/resilience affecting the possible human trafficking of street children?, and 3.) How does a street child's gender affect the vulnerability to human trafficking?\r\nThis research is an ethnographic study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya. It draws from interview data collected with experts working with street children, both in institutions as well as on the streets. In addition, two former street boys were interviewed. Theoretically, it utilizes literature on concepts of vulnerability and resilience, which are also used to guide the analysis of the data. \r\n\r\nThe findings of this research show that there is human trafficking happening on the streets. It also shows that street children are extremely vulnerable to it due to constant dangers that street life brings as well as lack of proper protective mechanisms. As a result of the analysis, the vulnerabilities such as violence, taking part in criminal activities, substance use, sexual abuse and insufficient safety nets from the private and public sector were identified. Moreover, the elements of resilience included the ability to adapt to street life, suspicion towards outsiders and people\u2019s unwillingness to interact with street children. Street girls are even more vulnerable as their gender offers them no protection, they are constantly wanted by street boys and the best and most popular way for them to earn a living is prostitution. The best identified way of staying protected was to \u201cmarry\u201d a street boy. \r\n\r\nThe human trafficking involving street children took different forms: street children trafficked off the streets, street children trafficked on the streets by street people, trafficked street children on the streets, kidnapping and baby trafficking, organ trafficking and trafficking of saved street children. All the categories found either confirmed information of existing cases or strong indication of trafficking possibly happening. The research concludes with a notion that street children are vulnerable to human trafficking and that they are being trafficked off the streets and on the streets.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Katariina Ainamo (kaauaina) on 2017-05-23 08:54:25.829664. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-05-23T08:54:26Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201705232464.pdf: 1094202 bytes, checksum: f0bea1830120172ab362556507fa185c (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4888 bytes, checksum: 131016de571d732ff882f69d96b843a8 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T08:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201705232464.pdf: 1094202 bytes, checksum: f0bea1830120172ab362556507fa185c (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4888 bytes, checksum: 131016de571d732ff882f69d96b843a8 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2017", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (96 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ihmiskauppa", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "katulapset", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "katutyt\u00f6t", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "haavoittuvuus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "sinnikkyys", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "sukupuoli", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "From streets to slavery? : vulnerability, resilience and the risk of human trafficking among street children in Nairobi, Kenya", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title.alternative", "value": "Vulnerability, resilience and the risk of human trafficking among street children in Nairobi, Kenya", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": "alternative", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201705232464", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Sosiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Sociology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2017-05-23T08:54:26Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "203", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ihmiskauppa", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "katulapset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "haavoittuvuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sukupuoli", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tyt\u00f6t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "Nairobi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "Kenia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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