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Gradussani 'Kun paikallinen saa globaalin fokuksen: Ebolan leviämisen narratiivit vuosina 2014 – 2015 Toronto Star -lehdessä' tutkin otsikon mukaisesti Ebolan leviämisen narratiiveja viimeisimmän Ebolaepidemian ajalta. Toronto Star on Kanadan suurin päivittäin ilmestyvä sanomalehti, jonka julkaisupaikka on Torontossa Ontarion provinssissa. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä käytän Melissa Leachin vuonna 2008 kehittelemää temaattisten narratiivien kategorisointia verenvuotokuumeista (esimerkiksi Ebola ja Marburgin virus). Hänen kategorisointi sisältää seuraavat narratiivit: (1) Globaali uhka: Afrikasta nousevaa ruttoa vastaan taisteleminen, (2) Tappavat paikalliset sairaustapaukset: globaali nopea reagointi paikallisiin tapahtumiin, (3) Kulttuuri ja konteksti: paikallisen tiedon ja osaamisen hyödyntäminen, (4) Mysteerit ja kuolleisuus: ekologisen ja sosiaalisen dynamiikan huomioiminen. Näiden pohjalta graduni tutkimuskysymykset ovat vastaavasti (1) Millaiset leviämisen narratiivit Toronto Star esitteli vuosina 2014 – 2015? (2) Ketkä Toronto Star esitteli päätoimijoina Ebolaepidemian aikana vuosina 2014 – 2015? (3) Millaiset roolit päätoimijat saivat Ebolaepidemian aikana Toronto Star – lehden mukaan? Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä toimijoille käytän sekä Proppin (1968) että Sealen (2002) ajatusta siitä, että hyvä tarina sisältää niin sankareita, auttajia kuin vastustajia. Tarinan lopussa vastustajat häviävät ja sankarit voittavat. Terveyteen liittyvissä tarinoissa sairaus ja kuolema esitetään vastustajana. Sitä vastoin lääkärit ja hoitajat nähdään sankareina, sillä he yrittävät taltuttaa sairauden ja voittaa kuoleman. Tutkimuksessani käytän myös sekä Katzin, Kornbletin, Arnoldin, Liefin ja Fischerin (2011) että Brownin, Mackeyn, Shapiron, Kolkerin ja Novotnyn (2014) teorioita, jotka esittelevät toimijoita globaalin terveysdiplomatian kentällä. Kyseiset teoriat auttavat Ebola-alueen toimijoiden löytämisessä Toronto Starin artikkeleista.
Aineistoni koostuu 97 relevantista Ebola-artikkelista, jotka on julkaistu Toronto Star lehdessä vuosina 2014 – 2015 ja kerätty ProQuest Central -palvelun avulla. Analyysini tulokset osoittavat, että Toronto Star esitteli seuraavat päänarratiivit: (1) Ebola globaalina turvallisuusuhkana, (2) Tappavat paikalliset sairaustapaukset ja hidas globaali reagointi tapahtumiin, (3) Kulttuuri ja konteksti: enemmän olisi pitänyt kiinnittää huomiota paikallisten osallistamiseen, (4) Ebolan vuosina 2014 – 2015 leviämisen taustalla pitkään jatkunut köyhyys ja vaillinnaiset terveydenhoitojärjestelmät Länsi-Afrikassa. Tämän lisäksi Guinean, Sierra Leonen ja Liberian terveysministeriöt ja maiden presidentit nähdään globaalin terveysdiplomatian ydintoimijoina. Sen sijaan YK-järjestelmän olennaiset toimijat, Kanadan hallitus, Kanadan ulkoministeri, Yhdysvaltain hallitus ja Yhdysvaltain presidentti nähdään monisidosryhmäisen globaalin terveysdiplomatian toimijoina. Lääkärit ilman rajoja, Punaisen Ristin ja Punaisen Puolikuun yhdistysten kansainvälinen liitto, PHAC, CDC, terveydenhuollon työntekijät, sosiaalisen liikkuvuuden auktoriteetit, hautaustiimin jäsenet, paikalliset kyläpäälliköt, karanteeniviranomaiset, kansanterveyden asiantuntijat, viranomaiset, tutkijat, laivayhtiöt, lentöyhtiöt, lääkeyhtiöt ja yksityiset lahjoittajat nähdään epävirallisen globaalin terveysdiplomatian toimijoina. Ebola-tarinassa roolit eri toimijoille vaihtelevat uhreista sankareihin ja avunantajista avun vastustajiin.
In my Master's Thesis 'When local gets a global focus: Ebola outbreak narratives in 2014 – 2015 in Toronto Star' I research Ebola outbreak narratives of the most recent Ebola outbreak. Toronto Star is Canada's biggest daily newspaper which is being published in Toronto, Ontario. As my theoretical background, I use Melissa Leach's (2008) categorization on thematic narratives related to haemorrhagic fevers (for example Ebola and Marburg virus). Her categorization includes: (1) A global threat: tackling the emerging plague out-of-Africa, (2) Deadly local disease events: the building of universal rapid response, (3) Culture and context: building positively on local knowledge, (4) Mysteries and mobility: taking long-term ecological and social dynamics seriously. Building on these, my research questions in this Thesis are (1) What kinds of outbreak narratives on Ebola were presented by Toronto Star during 2014 – 2015? (2) Who were presented as the main actors during the 2014 – 2015 Ebola outbreak by Toronto Star? and (3) What kinds of roles did the main actors receive over the outbreak period by Toronto Star? As a theoretical background for analysis of actors and different roles, I use Propp's (1968) and Seale's (2002) idea that a good story includes heroes, helpers and villains. At the end of a story, villains loose and heroes win. In the health-related stories, disease and death are being portrayed as a villain. Instead, doctors and nurses are seen as heroes because they are trying to tackle the disease and overcome death. I also use theories by Katz, Kornblet, Arnold, Lief and Fischer (2011) as well as by Brown, Mackey, Shapiro, Kolker, Novotny (2014) which introduce global health diplomacy actors. These theories help me to identify the main Ebola actors being presented in the research data.
My research data consists of 97 relevant articles related to the Ebola outbreak published in Toronto Star in 2014 – 2015, collected through the database ProQuest Central. The results of my analysis indicate that Toronto Star represented the following main narratives: (1) Ebola as a global security threat, (2) Deadly local disease events and slow universal response, (3) Culture and context: more attention should have been given on how to include locals into the outbreak response and (4) The 2014 – 2015 Ebola outbreak as an outcome of long-lasting poverty and lacking health care systems in West Africa. Further, the analysis showed how the ministries of Health in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia as well as the presidents of the three mentioned countries are considered as the core global health diplomacy actors. Instead, the relevant actors of UN system as well as the Canadian government, Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, the U.S. Government and the U.S. President are considered as multi-stakeholder global health diplomacy actors. Médecins Sans Frontières, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the Public Health Agency of Canada, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health care workers, social mobilization authorities, burial team members, local chiefs, quarantine officers, public health experts, officials, scientists, shipping companies, airline companies, pharmaceutical companies and private donors are considered as informal global health diplomacy actors. In the Ebola narrative, the roles for different actors vary from victims to heroes as well as from aiders to opposers.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kontinen, Tiina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Pietil\u00e4inen, Marja", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-02-10T14:46:06Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-02-10T14:46:06Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1672640", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/53010", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Gradussani 'Kun paikallinen saa globaalin fokuksen: Ebolan levi\u00e4misen narratiivit vuosina 2014 \u2013 2015 Toronto Star -lehdess\u00e4' tutkin otsikon mukaisesti Ebolan levi\u00e4misen narratiiveja viimeisimm\u00e4n Ebolaepidemian ajalta. Toronto Star on Kanadan suurin p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4in ilmestyv\u00e4 sanomalehti, jonka julkaisupaikka on Torontossa Ontarion provinssissa. Teoreettisena viitekehyksen\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4n Melissa Leachin vuonna 2008 kehittelem\u00e4\u00e4 temaattisten narratiivien kategorisointia verenvuotokuumeista (esimerkiksi Ebola ja Marburgin virus). H\u00e4nen kategorisointi sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 seuraavat narratiivit: (1) Globaali uhka: Afrikasta nousevaa ruttoa vastaan taisteleminen, (2) Tappavat paikalliset sairaustapaukset: globaali nopea reagointi paikallisiin tapahtumiin, (3) Kulttuuri ja konteksti: paikallisen tiedon ja osaamisen hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4minen, (4) Mysteerit ja kuolleisuus: ekologisen ja sosiaalisen dynamiikan huomioiminen. N\u00e4iden pohjalta graduni tutkimuskysymykset ovat vastaavasti (1) Millaiset levi\u00e4misen narratiivit Toronto Star esitteli vuosina 2014 \u2013 2015? (2) Ketk\u00e4 Toronto Star esitteli p\u00e4\u00e4toimijoina Ebolaepidemian aikana vuosina 2014 \u2013 2015? (3) Millaiset roolit p\u00e4\u00e4toimijat saivat Ebolaepidemian aikana Toronto Star \u2013 lehden mukaan? Teoreettisena viitekehyksen\u00e4 toimijoille k\u00e4yt\u00e4n sek\u00e4 Proppin (1968) ett\u00e4 Sealen (2002) ajatusta siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 hyv\u00e4 tarina sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 niin sankareita, auttajia kuin vastustajia. Tarinan lopussa vastustajat h\u00e4vi\u00e4v\u00e4t ja sankarit voittavat. Terveyteen liittyviss\u00e4 tarinoissa sairaus ja kuolema esitet\u00e4\u00e4n vastustajana. Sit\u00e4 vastoin l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit ja hoitajat n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n sankareina, sill\u00e4 he yritt\u00e4v\u00e4t taltuttaa sairauden ja voittaa kuoleman. Tutkimuksessani k\u00e4yt\u00e4n my\u00f6s sek\u00e4 Katzin, Kornbletin, Arnoldin, Liefin ja Fischerin (2011) ett\u00e4 Brownin, Mackeyn, Shapiron, Kolkerin ja Novotnyn (2014) teorioita, jotka esittelev\u00e4t toimijoita globaalin terveysdiplomatian kent\u00e4ll\u00e4. Kyseiset teoriat auttavat Ebola-alueen toimijoiden l\u00f6yt\u00e4misess\u00e4 Toronto Starin artikkeleista.\r\n\r\nAineistoni koostuu 97 relevantista Ebola-artikkelista, jotka on julkaistu Toronto Star lehdess\u00e4 vuosina 2014 \u2013 2015 ja ker\u00e4tty ProQuest Central -palvelun avulla. Analyysini tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 Toronto Star esitteli seuraavat p\u00e4\u00e4narratiivit: (1) Ebola globaalina turvallisuusuhkana, (2) Tappavat paikalliset sairaustapaukset ja hidas globaali reagointi tapahtumiin, (3) Kulttuuri ja konteksti: enemm\u00e4n olisi pit\u00e4nyt kiinnitt\u00e4\u00e4 huomiota paikallisten osallistamiseen, (4) Ebolan vuosina 2014 \u2013 2015 levi\u00e4misen taustalla pitk\u00e4\u00e4n jatkunut k\u00f6yhyys ja vaillinnaiset terveydenhoitoj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t L\u00e4nsi-Afrikassa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi Guinean, Sierra Leonen ja Liberian terveysministeri\u00f6t ja maiden presidentit n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n globaalin terveysdiplomatian ydintoimijoina. Sen sijaan YK-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n olennaiset toimijat, Kanadan hallitus, Kanadan ulkoministeri, Yhdysvaltain hallitus ja Yhdysvaltain presidentti n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n monisidosryhm\u00e4isen globaalin terveysdiplomatian toimijoina. L\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit ilman rajoja, Punaisen Ristin ja Punaisen Puolikuun yhdistysten kansainv\u00e4linen liitto, PHAC, CDC, terveydenhuollon ty\u00f6ntekij\u00e4t, sosiaalisen liikkuvuuden auktoriteetit, hautaustiimin j\u00e4senet, paikalliset kyl\u00e4p\u00e4\u00e4llik\u00f6t, karanteeniviranomaiset, kansanterveyden asiantuntijat, viranomaiset, tutkijat, laivayhti\u00f6t, lent\u00f6yhti\u00f6t, l\u00e4\u00e4keyhti\u00f6t ja yksityiset lahjoittajat n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n ep\u00e4virallisen globaalin terveysdiplomatian toimijoina. Ebola-tarinassa roolit eri toimijoille vaihtelevat uhreista sankareihin ja avunantajista avun vastustajiin.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "In my Master's Thesis 'When local gets a global focus: Ebola outbreak narratives in 2014 \u2013 2015 in Toronto Star' I research Ebola outbreak narratives of the most recent Ebola outbreak. Toronto Star is Canada's biggest daily newspaper which is being published in Toronto, Ontario. As my theoretical background, I use Melissa Leach's (2008) categorization on thematic narratives related to haemorrhagic fevers (for example Ebola and Marburg virus). Her categorization includes: (1) A global threat: tackling the emerging plague out-of-Africa, (2) Deadly local disease events: the building of universal rapid response, (3) Culture and context: building positively on local knowledge, (4) Mysteries and mobility: taking long-term ecological and social dynamics seriously. Building on these, my research questions in this Thesis are (1) What kinds of outbreak narratives on Ebola were presented by Toronto Star during 2014 \u2013 2015? (2) Who were presented as the main actors during the 2014 \u2013 2015 Ebola outbreak by Toronto Star? and (3) What kinds of roles did the main actors receive over the outbreak period by Toronto Star? As a theoretical background for analysis of actors and different roles, I use Propp's (1968) and Seale's (2002) idea that a good story includes heroes, helpers and villains. At the end of a story, villains loose and heroes win. In the health-related stories, disease and death are being portrayed as a villain. Instead, doctors and nurses are seen as heroes because they are trying to tackle the disease and overcome death. I also use theories by Katz, Kornblet, Arnold, Lief and Fischer (2011) as well as by Brown, Mackey, Shapiro, Kolker, Novotny (2014) which introduce global health diplomacy actors. These theories help me to identify the main Ebola actors being presented in the research data. \r\nMy research data consists of 97 relevant articles related to the Ebola outbreak published in Toronto Star in 2014 \u2013 2015, collected through the database ProQuest Central. The results of my analysis indicate that Toronto Star represented the following main narratives: (1) Ebola as a global security threat, (2) Deadly local disease events and slow universal response, (3) Culture and context: more attention should have been given on how to include locals into the outbreak response and (4) The 2014 \u2013 2015 Ebola outbreak as an outcome of long-lasting poverty and lacking health care systems in West Africa. Further, the analysis showed how the ministries of Health in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia as well as the presidents of the three mentioned countries are considered as the core global health diplomacy actors. Instead, the relevant actors of UN system as well as the Canadian government, Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, the U.S. Government and the U.S. President are considered as multi-stakeholder global health diplomacy actors. M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the Public Health Agency of Canada, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health care workers, social mobilization authorities, burial team members, local chiefs, quarantine officers, public health experts, officials, scientists, shipping companies, airline companies, pharmaceutical companies and private donors are considered as informal global health diplomacy actors. In the Ebola narrative, the roles for different actors vary from victims to heroes as well as from aiders to opposers.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Marja Pietil\u00e4inen (maonpiet) on 2017-02-10 14:46:05.936911. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). 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