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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Vehni\u00e4inen, Eeva-Riikka", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lindstr\u00f6m, Leena", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Margus, Aigi", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Savinen, Sandra", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-02-05T17:05:58Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-02-05T17:05:58Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1672219", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/52954", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tuhoel\u00e4inten vastustuskyky on yh\u00e4 laajempi ongelma lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneen torjunta-ainek\u00e4yt\u00f6n vuoksi. Toisinaan nopeastikin kehittyv\u00e4n vastustuskyvyn mekanismit voivat vaihdella k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymisen muutoksista geneettisiin muutoksiin esimerkiksi solun perustoiminnoissa. ATP:t\u00e4 sitovien kasettikuljettajien (ABC) proteiiniperhe kuljettaa soluista ulos normaalin aineenvaihdunnan tuotteita, mutta my\u00f6s erilaisia ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6st\u00e4 tulevia myrkkyj\u00e4, kuten kasvien puolustusaineita, ja est\u00e4\u00e4 niiden haitallisen kertymisen soluihin. Osa ABC-kuljettimista on yhdistetty sy\u00f6p\u00e4solujen solumyrkkyjen vastustuskykyyn, mutta ABC-proteiinien inhiboinnin avulla sy\u00f6p\u00e4hoitojen teho on saatu palautettua. ABC-proteiinien manipulointi tarjoaa mielenkiintoisen mahdollisuuden tuhohy\u00f6nteisten torjunnassa, mutta toistaiseksi tiedot niiden rooleista hy\u00f6nteisiss\u00e4 ovat v\u00e4h\u00e4iset. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, onko koloradonkuoriaisella (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) ABC-proteiineja ja voisiko niit\u00e4 inhiboimalla lis\u00e4t\u00e4 kasvinsuojeluaineiden tehoa. Ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytin toisen toukkavaiheen toukkia kolmesta populaatiosta (Saksa, Puola, USA) ja selvitin ensin eroavatko ne toisistaan Calcein-AM:n sis\u00e4\u00e4nvirtauksessa, sill\u00e4 populaatioiden tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n eroavan toisistaan esimerkiksi vastustuskyvyss\u00e4 sek\u00e4 aineenvaihdunnan tehokkuudessa. Calcein-AM on ABC-proteiinien substraatti, joka soluihin p\u00e4\u00e4sty\u00e4\u00e4n fluoresoi esteraasin vaikutuksesta. Toisessa osakokeessa testasin, voiko ABC-proteiinien toimintaa inhiboida lis\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 Calcein AM:n lis\u00e4ksi kolmea eri inhibiittoria (verapamil, reversin 205, MK571). Viimeisess\u00e4 osaty\u00f6ss\u00e4 tutkin, lis\u00e4\u00e4k\u00f6 ABC-proteiinien inhibointi torjunta-aineen vaikutusta, toisin sanoen osallistuvatko ABC-proteiinit hy\u00f6nteismyrkyn vastustuskykyyn. Tulokseni osoittavat, ett\u00e4 populaatioiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 oli eroja fluoresenssin m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ss\u00e4 ja ett\u00e4 fluoresoivan substraatin pitoisuuden nosto johti fluoresenssin lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymiseen. Inhibiittorien lis\u00e4\u00e4minen ei lis\u00e4nnyt fluoresenssia, ja siten ABC-proteiineja ei onnistuttu yksiselitteisesti inhiboimaan. Ei ole siis varmaa, miten koloradonkuoriaisen ABC-proteiinit toimivat. Viimeisess\u00e4 osaty\u00f6ss\u00e4 ABC-proteiinien inhibiittorit yhdistettyn\u00e4 hy\u00f6nteismyrkkyyn lis\u00e4siv\u00e4t kuolleisuutta pelkk\u00e4\u00e4n hy\u00f6nteismyrkkyyn verrattuna, mutta koska my\u00f6s inhibiittorien liuotin (DMSO) yhdess\u00e4 hy\u00f6nteismyrkyn kanssa johti kasvaneeseen kuolleisuuteen, on ep\u00e4selv\u00e4\u00e4 selittyv\u00e4tk\u00f6 erot kuolleisuudessa ainoastaan ABC-proteiineilla. Vaikka k\u00e4ytetyt menetelm\u00e4t eiv\u00e4t vahvista ABC-proteiinien olemassaoloa tai niiden mekanismeja, on syyt\u00e4 olettaa, ett\u00e4 koloradonkuoriaisella kyseisi\u00e4 kuljettimia on. Tulevaisuudessa asiaa voisi tutkia molekyylibiologian menetelmill\u00e4, esimerkiksi transkriptomianalyysill\u00e4 tai sekvensoinnilla.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The overuse and misuse of insecticides can lead to resistance in insects, sometimes within a very short time span. Currently it is known that the resistance mechanisms can vary from behavioural resistance to more complex changes in genetics behind different cell functioning, for example. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily is a part of normal cellular transport, and it can efflux both endo- and exogenous substances from cells and prevent the adverse effects of accumulation. It is known to be responsible of cancer cell resistance, but inhibiting the ABC system with chemosensitizers is known to reverse the resistance and increase the influx of chemotherapeutic drugs. Indeed, the ABC transporters provide an interesting opportunity in the battle against insecticide resistance, but so far the information of their specific roles in insects is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence, activity and inhibition of the ABCs and their contribution to the insecticide resistance among different Colorado potato beetle (CPB) populations. In the first experiment, differences between populations (German, Polish, USA) in their Calcein-AM influx was measured. Calcein-AM is a known substrate of the ABCs, which is in live cells transformed into fluorescent calcein by esterases. It is known, that the CPB populations differ from each other in their insecticide tolerance and in their metabolism, so it was hypothesized that the used populations would differ in their influx as well. It was also hypothesized, that an increase in Calcein-AM concentration would lead to an increase in fluorescence. In the second experiment, Calcein-AM was coupled with model ABC inhibitors. Inhibiting of the system should cause a rise in fluorescence, since the molecules could accumulate in the cells. Lastly, the contribution of the ABCs to insecticide resistance was studied. This was done using the inhibitors (verapamil, reversin 205, MK751) along with an insecticide (Decis, pyrethroid deltamethrin). The inhibitors coupled with insecticide should cause higher mortality with insecticide, since without working ABC transporters, insecticide can accumulate in the cells and lead to death. My results showed differences among populations in their Calcein-AM influx. The fluorescence also increased with increasing substrate concentration. However, I was unable to inhibit the ABCs, and thus I cannot confirm the presence of ABC system in the Colorado potato beetle. In the insecticide experiment, the inhibitors caused higher mortality with the insecticide than without, but since the solvent, DMSO, combined with the insecticide led to high mortality, it is unsure whether mortality is explained by the ABC system. In the future, the presence and role of the ABCs in the CPB could be confirmed using molecular biology, such as transcriptomics or sequencing.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Sandra Savinen (saelsavi) on 2017-02-05 17:05:57.802559. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =False]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-02-05T17:05:58Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201702051359.pdf: 753550 bytes, checksum: 82989bf063c1a442b4b75997cde12d6b (MD5)\nlicense.html: 1125 bytes, checksum: 8db69bdcd8b0ae67407dfb954a10e836 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-05T17:05:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201702051359.pdf: 753550 bytes, checksum: 82989bf063c1a442b4b75997cde12d6b (MD5)\nlicense.html: 1125 bytes, checksum: 8db69bdcd8b0ae67407dfb954a10e836 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (30 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ABC-proteins", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "the Colorado Potato Beetle", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "insect", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "insecticide", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Leptinotarsa decemlineata", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "multixenobiotic resistance", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "pest", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "resistance", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Multixenobiotic resistance in Leptinotarsa decemlineata", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201702051359", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2017-02-05T17:05:59Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4011", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "koloradonkuoriainen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "insektisidit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "torjunta-aineet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tuhohy\u00f6nteiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "resistenssi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Aineistoon p\u00e4\u00e4sy\u00e4 on rajoitettu tekij\u00e4noikeussyist\u00e4. Aineisto on luettavissa Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6asemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "This material has a restricted access due to copyright reasons. It can be read at the workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library reserved for the use of archival materials: https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities.", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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