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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Tuhkanen, Tuula", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kainulainen, Aino", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Sinervo, Riku", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-02-01T11:42:36Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-02-01T11:42:36Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1671824", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/52936", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 pro gradu -ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 tutkittiin, voidaanko anaerobisen m\u00e4d\u00e4tyksen toimintaa parantaa lis\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 m\u00e4d\u00e4tysprosessiin pieni\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4 biohiilt\u00e4. Anaerobista m\u00e4d\u00e4tyst\u00e4 tutkittiin laboratoriomittakaavan biokaasukokeilla, joissa biokaasureaktoreita k\u00e4siteltiin sek\u00e4 pyrolyyttisesti ett\u00e4 hydrodermaalisesti tuotetulla biohiilell\u00e4. Biohiilen mahdolliseen kykyyn lievitt\u00e4\u00e4 ammoniakki-inhibitiota kiinnitettiin huomiota. Seitsem\u00e4n pyrolyyttisen ja yhden hydrodermaalisen hiilen ominaisuuksia vertailtiin, jotta voitaisiin m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4\u00e4 soveltuvia biohiili\u00e4 anaerobiseen m\u00e4d\u00e4tykseen. Biohiilist\u00e4 analysoitiin ammonium-adsorptiokapasiteetti, irtoavan liukoisen orgaanisen kokonaishiilen (DOC) ja liukoisen kokonaistypen (DTN) m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 sek\u00e4 PAH-yhdisteiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4.\r\n\r\nAmmonium-adsorptiokapasiteetin mittaukset osoittivat, ett\u00e4 biohiilet kykenev\u00e4t adsorboimaan ammonium-ioneja, mutta tunnettuun ammonium-adsorbenttiin zeoliittiin verrattuna adsorptio oli v\u00e4h\u00e4isemp\u00e4\u00e4. Zeoliitin ja biohiilten adsorptio vaihteli v\u00e4lill\u00e4 5,0\u201317,3 mg/g ja 0,8\u20134,4 mg/g adsorbentin konsentraatiosta riippuen. Korkea adsorptiokapasiteetti olisi hy\u00f6dyllinen ammoniakki-inhibition lievitt\u00e4misen kannalta. Irtoavat DOC- ja DTN- m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t olivat v\u00e4lill\u00e4 8,9\u20136397 mg/l ja 0,83\u20132705 mg/l. Biohiilten PAH-m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t vaihtelivat v\u00e4lill\u00e4 1,6\u2013190 mg/kg ja joidenkin n\u00e4ytteiden korkeat arvot osoittivat, ett\u00e4 haitta-aineisiin tulee kiinnitt\u00e4\u00e4 huomiota, jos m\u00e4d\u00e4te hy\u00f6dynnet\u00e4\u00e4n maanparannusaineena. Biohiilten ominaisuuksien todettiin riippuvan valmistusprosessista ja \u2013materiaalista, ja n\u00e4it\u00e4 optimoimalla voi olla mahdollista valmistaa anaerobiseen m\u00e4d\u00e4tykseen paremmin soveltuvia biohiili\u00e4.\r\n\r\nBiokaasukokeiden perusteella pyrolyyttisell\u00e4 biohiilell\u00e4 ei ollut merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 vaikutusta metaanin tuotantoon, kun taas hydrodermaalinen biohiili paransi sit\u00e4. Hydrodermaalista biohiilt\u00e4 lis\u00e4ttiin sek\u00e4 normaaliin ett\u00e4 ammoniumilla lis\u00e4ttyyn sy\u00f6tteeseen. Molemmissa olosuhteissa hydrodermaalinen biohiili lis\u00e4si metaanintuotantoa kontrolleihin verrattuna (15 % ja 26 %). Koska biohiilten ammonium-adsorptiokapasiteetti oli rajallinen, hyv\u00e4t vaikutukset voivat johtua muista mekanismeista. Hydrodermaalinen biohiili on biohajoavampi pyrolyyttiseen biohiileen verrattuna, mik\u00e4 voi selitt\u00e4\u00e4 tuloksia. Lis\u00e4tty hiilim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 oli 4,5 % sy\u00f6tteen tuorepainoon verrattuna, ja t\u00e4llaisella m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ll\u00e4 todettiin olevan vaikutuksia metaanintuotantoon. Toisaalta kokeissa oli tilastollisia ep\u00e4varmuustekij\u00f6it\u00e4, joiden vuoksi tuloksia tulee tulkita varovaisesti. Jatkotutkimuksia useammilla rinnakkaisilla n\u00e4ytteill\u00e4 tulisi tehd\u00e4 havaintojen varmistamiseksi ja tilastollisesti p\u00e4tevien tulosten saamiseksi.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "In this thesis, the effects of biochar addition on anaerobic digestion were studied to find out could biochar enhance the methane production. Both pyrolytic biochar and hydrothermally carbonized hydrochar were applied to anaerobic digesters in laboratory scale biogas experiments. The possible ability of biochar to mitigate ammonia inhibition was addressed. Seven pyrolytic biochars and one hydrochar were compared to find suitable biochars for anaerobic digestion. The ammonium adsorption capacity, nutrient release in respect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed from the biochar samples.\r\n\r\nAmmonium adsorption capacities showed that biochars could adsorb ammonium ions but compared with a well-known ammonium adsorbent zeolite the adsorption was lower. The adsorption in zeolite varied between 5.0\u201317.3 mg/g and in biochars 0.8\u20134.4 mg/g depending on the adsorbent concentration. High adsorption capacity could be useful in mitigating ammonia inhibition. All the biochars released DOC and DTN in the range of 8.9\u20136397 mg/l and 0.83\u20132705 mg/l. The PAHs in the biochars varied in the range of 1.6\u2013190 mg/kg and high levels in some biochars showed that focus on contaminants must be considered, if the produced digestate is utilized as soil amendment. Characteristics of biochars seemed to vary depending on the feedstock and manufacturing methods, and therefore the optimization of biochars could be beneficial when considering their use in anaerobic digestion.\r\n\r\nIn biogas experiments the pyrolytic biochar did not have a significant effect on the methane production, while the hydrochar seemed to enhance it. Hydrochar was applied to normal feedstock and to feedstock with increased ammonium concentration. In both conditions the cumulative methane production was higher in hydrochar treated groups (15 % and 26 % respectively). Due to the limited ammonium adsorption capacities of the biochars it is possible that the good effects of the hydrochar were based on other mechanisms. Hydrochar has higher biodegradability compared with pyrolytic biochar and this could explain the better results. The applied hydrochar dosage was 4.5 % compared to the feedstock fresh weight and with this kind of dosage differences in the methane production were observed. On the other hand, the experiments have statistical limitations and the results must be interpreted with a high caution. Further experiments with more replicates and statistical analyses should be done to ensure the observations and get scientifically reliable results.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Riku Sinervo (rimisine) on 2017-02-01 11:42:36.155546. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-02-01T11:42:36Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201702011336.pdf: 1163589 bytes, checksum: ea487795d63c74fbc9fcd5431466fe90 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4849 bytes, checksum: a99576a4a57b04585530303c27591923 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-01T11:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201702011336.pdf: 1163589 bytes, checksum: ea487795d63c74fbc9fcd5431466fe90 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4849 bytes, checksum: a99576a4a57b04585530303c27591923 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2017", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (57 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "anaerobic digestion", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biochar", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "hydrochar", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biogas", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "bioenergy", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ammonia inhibition", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "waste management", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "organic waste", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "digestate", "language": null, "element": "subject", 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