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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Heikkinen, Pyry", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-01-03T07:23:36Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-01-03T07:23:36Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1645798", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/52586", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen on yhdistetty muutoksiin kognitiivisissa toiminnoissa, kuten toiminnanohjauksessa ja\r\nprosessointinopeudessa, sek\u00e4 esitietoisessa aisti\u00e4rsykkeiden k\u00e4sittelyss\u00e4. N\u00e4iden kummankin\r\nhermostollisen perustan tutkimiseen on usein k\u00e4ytetty aivojen s\u00e4hk\u00f6isi\u00e4 j\u00e4nnitevasteita. Ne ovat\r\n\u00e4rsykkeisiin (tai muihin spesifeihin tapahtumiin) sidoksissa olevia reaktioita, jotka ovat havaittavissa\r\naivos\u00e4hk\u00f6k\u00e4yr\u00e4ss\u00e4 (elektroenkefalogrammilla mitattuna) ja ovat yhdistett\u00e4viss\u00e4 aisti-informaation\r\nprosessoinnin eri vaiheisiin.\r\nKognitiivinen ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen on luonnollinen prosessi, jonka on todettu olevan yhteydess\u00e4\r\nmoniin el\u00e4m\u00e4ntapatekij\u00f6ihin, esimerkiksi fyysiseen- ja sosiaaliseen aktiivisuuteen. Fyysisen\r\naktiivisuuden lis\u00e4\u00e4miseen perustuvien interventioiden on todettu my\u00f6s hidastavan t\u00e4t\u00e4 prosessia, mutta\r\nt\u00e4m\u00e4n muutoksen yhteytt\u00e4 aivotoimintaan on tutkittu v\u00e4h\u00e4n. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n\r\nkuinka 10-viikkoinen (23 kertaa sis\u00e4lt\u00e4nyt) ohjattu aerobinen liikunta-interventio vaikuttaa fyysiseen\r\nkuntoon, ja t\u00e4t\u00e4 kautta kognitiivisiin kykyihin, sek\u00e4 esitietoiseen \u00e4rsykeprosessointiin tunto- ja\r\nkuuloaisti j\u00e4rjestelmiss\u00e4. Kognitiivisia kykyj\u00e4 mitattiin joukolla neuropsykologisia testej\u00e4, ja\r\n\u00e4rsykeprosessointia varhaisilla automaattisilla aivovasteilla. Tutkimus koostui kahdesta mittauskerrasta,\r\njoista toinen tapahtui ennen interventioita ja toinen sen j\u00e4lkeen. Osallistujat olivat yli 65-vuotiaita\r\nnaisia ja heid\u00e4t satunnaistettiin kahteen ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n, joista toinen osallistui aerobiseen interventioon (n =\r\n22) ja toinen kontrolli-interventioon (n = 22). Kontrolli-interventio koostui erilaisista\r\nrentoutusharjoituksista, k\u00e4sit\u00f6ist\u00e4 ja kulttuurikokemuksista. N\u00e4in kontrolloitiin sosiaalisen\r\naktiivisuuden ja merkityksellisen toiminnan m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4.\r\n\u00c4rsykeprosessointia tutkittiin koeasetelmalla, jossa tutkittavalle esitettiin usein toistuvaa\r\n\u00e4rsykett\u00e4, joka korvattiin satunnaisesti ja harvoin esiintyv\u00e4ll\u00e4 poikkeavalla \u00e4rsykkeell\u00e4. Kokeessa\r\nhavaittiin eroa eri todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyydell\u00e4 esiintyvien \u00e4rsykkeiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 useassa vasteessa, jotka liittyiv\u00e4t\r\nperustavanlaatuiseen \u00e4rsykkeen koodaamiseen (P50-vaste), akustisten piirteiden prosessointiin (P2-\r\nvaste), muutoksen havaitsemiseen (poikkeavuusvaste) ja tahdosta riippumattomaan tarkkaavuuden\r\nsiirtymiseen (P3a-vaste). P-50 vasteessa ero havaittiin vain tuntoaistissa ja P2-vastessa vain\r\nkuuloaistissa. Erityisesti poikkeavuusvaste on liitetty muutoksiin kognitiivisissa toiminnoissa, mutta\r\nesimerkiksi my\u00f6s P-50-vasteen piirteiden on teoretisoitu olevan yhteydess\u00e4 n\u00e4ihin.\r\n Intervention havaittiin laskevan interventioryhm\u00e4\u00e4n osallistuneiden rasvaprosenttia verrattuna\r\nkontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. Muutoksia ei havaittu muissa kuntomuuttujissa, eik\u00e4 kognitiivisissa mittareissa tai\r\ns\u00e4hk\u00f6isiss\u00e4 j\u00e4nnitevasteissa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 voi liitty\u00e4 mm. intervention pituuteen tai verenkiertoj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n\r\nvaikuttavuuteen. T\u00e4h\u00e4n yhten\u00e4 syyn\u00e4 saattaa olla osallistujien korkea l\u00e4ht\u00f6taso aerobisessa kunnossa,\r\nsill\u00e4 heid\u00e4n viikottainen liikunnan m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ns\u00e4 oli korkea jo ennen interventioon osallistumista .\r\nTulevaisuudessa olisikin t\u00e4rke\u00e4t\u00e4 selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, kuinka samanlainen interventio mahdollisesti toimisi\r\nosallistujilla, joiden arkeen ei kuulu liikuntaa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Aging has been connected to changes in cognition, for instance in executive functioning and processing\r\nspeed. Automatic, preattentive sensory processing has also been shown to be affected by aging. These\r\nchanges can be examined by utilizing the measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs), which are a\r\ndirect, time-locked response to a specific event (such as sensory stimuli) that can be examined with\r\nelectroencephalography. The specific components seen in the ERP-waveform can be connected to\r\nvarious stages of information processing.\r\nCognitive aging is a naturally occurring phenomenon, that is affected by various lifestyle\r\nfactors, such as physical activity and social engagement. For instance, interventions utilizing various\r\nforms of physical activities (e.g. aerobic exercise) have been shown to positively affect cognitive\r\ndecline. However, the connection that cognitive aging has to brain's functions has not been widely\r\nstudied. In this study, the aim is to examine the effects an aerobic exercise intervention to fitness, a\r\nwide variety of cognitive functions and preattentive automatic sensory processing of sound and tactile\r\nstimuli. This was done by examining the results of a battery of neuropsychological tests and by\r\nmeasuring sensory-related early and automatic ERPs, as well as bodily fitness, in a randomized\r\ncontrolled trial\r\n44 over 65-year old women took part in the experiment. They were randomly assigned into two\r\ngroups, of which one took part in the aerobic intervention (N = 22) and the other to the control\r\nintervention (N = 22). Both groups took part in guided activities that lasted 10 weeks (23 times).\r\nActivity in the intervention group consisted of various aerobic exercises done in the range of optimal\r\ndevelopment, whereas activity in the control group consisted of low intensity activity (e.g. breathing\r\nexercises and handicrafts). This way the amount of meaningful activity and social engagement between\r\nthe groups was equalized.\r\nSensory-processing was examined with an experimental design consisting of two distinct\r\nstimuli in both sensory domains examined. One of the stimuli was presented frequently and the other\r\ninfrequently: Differences between the frequently and infrequently presented stimuli were observed in\r\nmany components reflecting different stages of sensory-processing. These were associated with basic\r\nprocessing of stimuli (P50-component), processing of acoustical features of the stimuli (P2-\r\ncomponent), automatic change detection (Mismatch reaction) and involuntary shift of attention (P3a).\r\nThe differential response in P50-component was observed only between the tactile stimuli and the\r\ndifference in P2-component was only observed between the auditory stimuli. Of these components,\r\nespecially the changes in the MMR have been widely linked to a multitude of changes in cognition.\r\nSimilarly, P50-component features have been linked to effective cognitive functioning.\r\nThe aerobic intervention was found out to decrease the body fat percentage of the intervention\r\ngroup. No other changes were observed in the fitness measures, cognitive variables or ERPs. This\r\nmight be due to a lack of effectiveness of the intervention on the functioning of the cardiovascular\r\n\r\n\r\nsystem. This in turn, may be due to high amounts of weekly exercise of the participants prior to the\r\nintervention, as this might attenuate the positive effects the intervention had on the physical fitness of\r\nthe intervention group. For future research, it is an important question if a similar aerobic intervention\r\nwould have an effect in participants with a more sedentary lifestyle.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Miia Hakanen (mihakane) on 2017-01-03 07:23:35.349449. Form: Admin-lomake opinn\u00e4ytteiden julkaisuun (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/admin-lomake-opinnaytteet). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =False]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-01-03T07:23:36Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201701031035.pdf: 3986699 bytes, checksum: 3d45e9039188b4696d559dbbb4d20982 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-03T07:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201701031035.pdf: 3986699 bytes, checksum: 3d45e9039188b4696d559dbbb4d20982 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (55 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effects of a 10-week aerobic exercise intervention on physical fitness, cognition and preattentive sensory processing of aging women", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201701031035", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Social Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Psykologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psykologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2017-01-03T07:23:36Z", "language": "", "element": "date", 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"dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Aineistoon p\u00e4\u00e4sy\u00e4 on rajoitettu tekij\u00e4noikeussyist\u00e4. Aineisto on luettavissa Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6asemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "This material has a restricted access due to copyright reasons. It can be read at the workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library reserved for the use of archival materials: https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities.", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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