Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus

Liikkuvien tektonisten laattojen välillä kitkan oletetaan olevan suuri. Olettamuksen vastaisia havaintoja on kuitenkin tehty useissa tutkimuksissa. Kuuluisin esimerkki on San Andreasin siirros. Siirrosvyöhykkeellä on matala lämmöntuotto, minkä perusteella on arveltu myös kitkan olevan matala. Syynä...

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Main Author: Pylväinen, Joonas
Other Authors: Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sciences, Fysiikan laitos, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän yliopisto
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/52487
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author Pylväinen, Joonas
author2 Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_facet Pylväinen, Joonas Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto Pylväinen, Joonas Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_sort Pylväinen, Joonas
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description Liikkuvien tektonisten laattojen välillä kitkan oletetaan olevan suuri. Olettamuksen vastaisia havaintoja on kuitenkin tehty useissa tutkimuksissa. Kuuluisin esimerkki on San Andreasin siirros. Siirrosvyöhykkeellä on matala lämmöntuotto, minkä perusteella on arveltu myös kitkan olevan matala. Syynä matalaan kitkaan voivat olla pyöreät kulumapartikkelit, jotka toimivat kuulalaakereiden tavoin. Kitkan tutkimista varten suunniteltiin ja rakennettiin ainutlaatuinen laite, kivenjauhin (engl. Stonegrinder). Kivenjauhimen tarkoitus on jauhaa kahta kairasydäntä toisiaan vasten ja samalla mitata kitkan muutoksia. Laite mittaa jauhamisen aikana vääntömomenttia, josta laskennallisesti saadaan kitkakerroin. Lisäksi kiven lämpötilan muutokset, pyörimisnopeus ja pystysuuntainen siirtymä tallennetaan. Tutkimusta varten valmistettiin sekä karkea- että sileäpintaisia näytteitä gneissistä. Karkeita näytteitä jauhettiin sekä vakioisen normaalivoiman että vakioisen normaalipaineen alla. Sileät näyteet jauhettiin vakioisen normaalivoiman ja -paineen alla. Tuloksista havaittiin, että karkeilla näytteillä vääntömomentti ja lämpötilan muutoksen suuruus ovat käänteisesti riippuvaisia paineesta. Kitkakerroin ei osoittautunut olevan riippuvainen paineesta tai lämpötilasta. Röntgentomografialla kuvatut kulumapartikkelit olivat kulmikkaita eikä näytteestä löydetty pyöreitä partikkeleita. Sileäpintaisten näytteiden keskimääräiset vääntömomentit olivat suuria johtuen kulumapartikkeleiden puutteesta jauhamispinnalla. Friction between large moving tectonic plates is thought to be high but the lack of corresponding frictional heat suggests otherwise. The lack of friction could be explained by smaller rock fragments being rounded and acting as ball-bearings between the plates. To study rock fragmentation and friction a special apparatus called Stonegrinder was built. It grinds two drill core rock samples against each other and measures the changes in friction. Rough surfaced gneiss samples were ground under two conditions: constant normal force, and constant normal pressure. Smooth surfaced gneiss samples were ground under constant normal force and pressure. Torque and the magnitude of temperature change were found to be inversely dependent on the compressive pressure. The coefficient of friction was independent of pressure and temperature. Wear particles imaged with X-ray tomography were found to be angular instead of spherical. Smooth surfaced samples had high mean torques due to the lack of wear particles.
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Olettamuksen vastaisia havaintoja on kuitenkin tehty useissa tutkimuksissa. Kuuluisin esimerkki on San Andreasin siirros. Siirrosvy\u00f6hykkeell\u00e4 on matala l\u00e4mm\u00f6ntuotto, mink\u00e4 perusteella on arveltu my\u00f6s kitkan olevan matala. Syyn\u00e4 matalaan kitkaan voivat olla py\u00f6re\u00e4t kulumapartikkelit, jotka toimivat kuulalaakereiden tavoin.\r\n\r\nKitkan tutkimista varten suunniteltiin ja rakennettiin ainutlaatuinen laite, kivenjauhin (engl. Stonegrinder). Kivenjauhimen tarkoitus on jauhaa kahta kairasyd\u00e4nt\u00e4 toisiaan vasten ja samalla mitata kitkan muutoksia. Laite mittaa jauhamisen aikana v\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6momenttia, josta laskennallisesti saadaan kitkakerroin. Lis\u00e4ksi kiven l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan muutokset, py\u00f6rimisnopeus ja pystysuuntainen siirtym\u00e4 tallennetaan.\r\n\r\nTutkimusta varten valmistettiin sek\u00e4 karkea- ett\u00e4 sile\u00e4pintaisia n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 gneissist\u00e4. 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spellingShingle Pylväinen, Joonas Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus Kitka tribologia tektoniikka kivet Soveltava fysiikka Applied Physics 4023 kitka
title Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus
title_full Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus
title_fullStr Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus
title_full_unstemmed Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus
title_short Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus
title_sort rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus
title_txtP Rock friction measurements with stonegrinder apparatus
topic Kitka tribologia tektoniikka kivet Soveltava fysiikka Applied Physics 4023 kitka
topic_facet 4023 Applied Physics Kitka Soveltava fysiikka kitka kivet tektoniikka tribologia
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/52487 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201612205205
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