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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen, Salme", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Moisio, Lasse", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-12-19T09:18:27Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-12-19T09:18:27Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1644705", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/52428", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Luokitteluanalyysin tyypillinen ongelma on mallin valinta ja/tai muuttujien eli piirteiden valinta. Tavoitteena on estimoida luotettavasti luokitteluvirheen todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyys opetusaineiston avulla - ideaalissa tilanteessa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en riippumatonta testiaineistoa. T\u00e4ll\u00f6in saadaan estimaatti yleist\u00e4misvirheelle, joka kuvaa opetusaineistosta estimoidun mallin kyky\u00e4 ennustaa riippumatonta testiaineistoa. Usein kuitenkin aineiston niukkuudesta johtuen ei voida k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 erillist\u00e4 riippumatonta testiaineistoa, jolloin ei my\u00f6sk\u00e4\u00e4n voida estimoida suoraan yleist\u00e4misvirhett\u00e4. \n\nT\u00e4ll\u00f6in voidaan kuitenkin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 otoksen uudelleenk\u00e4ytt\u00f6menetelmi\u00e4, joista k\u00e4ytetyimm\u00e4t lienev\u00e4t ristiinvalidointi ja bootstrap. Menetelmien etuna on, ett\u00e4 ne estimoivat hyvin odotettua yleist\u00e4misvirhett\u00e4, joka ei rajoitu vain tiettyyn opetusaineistoon, vaan on odotusarvo yli kaikkien mahdollisten opetusaineistojen. Odotettu yleist\u00e4misvirhe on osoittautunutkin useiden tutkimusten mukaan hy\u00f6dylliseksi ty\u00f6kaluksi tilastollisessa analyysissa.\n\nLuokitteluvirheen todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyyden arviointiin liittyy olennaisesti my\u00f6s k\u00e4site Bayes-virhe, jolla tarkoitetaan pienint\u00e4 saavutettavissa olevaa luokitteluvirheen todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyytt\u00e4. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 piirteit\u00e4 mallinnetaan p-ulotteisella normaalijakaumalla ja rajaudutaan kvadraattiseen luokittelijaan (QDA). Tyypillisesti Bayes-virhett\u00e4 ei tiedet\u00e4, ja sen laskeminen analyyttisesti on usein haastavaa tai mahdotonta. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 esitet\u00e4\u00e4n menetelm\u00e4 Bayes-virheen arvioimiseksi Monte Carlo -integroinnilla.\n\nAiemmissa tutkimuksissa otoksen uudelleenk\u00e4ytt\u00f6menetelmi\u00e4 on verrattu odotettuun yleist\u00e4misvirheeseen, kuten my\u00f6s tehd\u00e4\u00e4n t\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4. Lis\u00e4ksi otoksen uudelleenk\u00e4ytt\u00f6menetelmi\u00e4 verrataan Bayes-virheeseen. Parhaat tulokset saavutettiin .632-bootstrap-estimaattorilla ja .632+-bootstrap-estimaattorilla sek\u00e4 toistetulla ristiinvalidoinnilla K:n arvolla 10. Toistettu ristiinvalidointi K:n arvoilla 5 ja 10 ja aineiston jako toistuvasti opetus- ja testiaineistoksi jakosuhteilla 80/20 ja 90/10 tuottivat likimain yht\u00e4 hyvi\u00e4 tuloksia. \n\nMenetelmien vertailu toteutettiin simulointikokeella, joka perustuu 50 luokkaa ja 64 piirrett\u00e4 sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n pohjael\u00e4inaineistoon. Simulointikokeessa k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4t luokkien (2-8) ja piirteiden (2-50) lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t ovat suurempia kuin aiemmissa tutkimuksissa on yleens\u00e4 k\u00e4ytetty.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Lasse Moisio (lahemois) on 2016-12-19 09:18:26.553429. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-12-19T09:18:26Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201612195151.pdf: 582116 bytes, checksum: cb36b7fa2848c22b8337380dfb53ef85 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4856 bytes, checksum: 53f761b2eab0fd2345a4c388820cfae5 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T09:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201612195151.pdf: 582116 bytes, checksum: cb36b7fa2848c22b8337380dfb53ef85 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4856 bytes, checksum: 53f761b2eab0fd2345a4c388820cfae5 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (55 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Bayes-virhe", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "yleist\u00e4misvirhe", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "luokitteluvirhe", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "QDA", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "bootstrap", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ristiinvalidointi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "aineiston jako", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Luokittelumenetelm\u00e4n evaluointimenetelmien vertailu pienten aineistojen tapauksessa simulointikokein", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", 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