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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Palonen, Kari", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Mastokangas, Juhani", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-11-18T14:33:13Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-11-18T14:33:13Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1643316", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/51924", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkielman teht\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4 on selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 miksi ja miten k\u00e4sitys v\u00e4kivallattomien toimijoiden vallasta Johan Galtungin Rauhanomaisen puolustuksen strategiassa poikkeaa siit\u00e4, miten Gene Sharpin The Politics of Nonviolent Action sen k\u00e4sitt\u00e4\u00e4. Kirjat ovat samaan tutkijapolveen ja samoissa korkeakouluissakin opiskelleiden kirjoittajiensa p\u00e4\u00e4asiallisia v\u00e4kivallattoman kamppailun strategiaa k\u00e4sittelevi\u00e4 teoksia mutta Sharpin erikoistuminen nimenomaan v\u00e4kivallattomuuden tutkimukseen ja Galtungin erikoistuminen rauhantutkimukseen antavat syyn olettaa niiden v\u00e4lilt\u00e4 l\u00f6ytyv\u00e4n my\u00f6s kiinnostavia eroavaisuuksia.\r\n\r\nTutkimuskysymykseen vastauksen l\u00f6yt\u00e4miseksi teosten esitt\u00e4mi\u00e4 strategioita on vertailtu kesken\u00e4\u00e4n ja ne on asetettu niin pasifismin historian kuin heid\u00e4n kirjojen julkaisua edelt\u00e4neen uransa kontekstiin. Strategioiden valtak\u00e4sityksen tarkasteluun on lis\u00e4ksi k\u00e4ytetty Max Weberin ja Hannah Arendtin valtaa koskevaa ajattelua tarkasteltavina olevien valtak\u00e4sitysten eroavaisuuksien selkeytt\u00e4miseksi.\r\n\r\nStrategioita ja niiden kontekstia tarkastelemalla tutkielmassa huomattiin, ett\u00e4 Galtungin strategian eroavuuksien alkuper\u00e4 kietoutuu pitk\u00e4lti kolmen teeman ymp\u00e4rille. Koska Galtung ei ensink\u00e4\u00e4n Sharpin tavoin ollut kiinnostunut puhtaasti v\u00e4lineellisest\u00e4 sitoutumisesta v\u00e4kivallattomaan kamppailuun, h\u00e4n omaksui Gandhilta Sharpia vahvemmin periaatteelliseen v\u00e4kivallattomuuteen sitoutumiseen liittyvi\u00e4 ajatuksia, mitk\u00e4 ohjasivat h\u00e4nen strategiaansa konfliktin p\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4miseen ensisijaisesti vastustaja k\u00e4\u00e4nnytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 Sharpin v\u00e4kivallattoman pakottamisen painotuksen sijaan. Galtungin kiinnostus my\u00f6s suuntautui 1960-luvulla yhteiskuntatieteiden trendien mukaisesti rakenteisiin, mik\u00e4 nosti k\u00e4\u00e4nnytt\u00e4misteht\u00e4v\u00e4n l\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtaiseksi toteuttajaksi h\u00e4nen strategiassaan valtion ja t\u00e4m\u00e4n johdosta v\u00e4kivallattoman kamppailun yll\u00e4pit\u00e4j\u00e4ksi valtioille tyypilliset ulkoiset sanktiot, siin\u00e4 miss\u00e4 yksil\u00f6keskeisempi Sharp painottaa yksil\u00f6n itse saavuttaman kurin merkityst\u00e4. Kolmanneksi, Galtungin suuntautuminen rauhantutkimukseen ohjasi edelleen h\u00e4nen strategiaansa painottamaan niin valtiotason toimijoita, konfliktin osapuolten konfliktin j\u00e4lkeisi\u00e4 v\u00e4lej\u00e4 kuin niiden yst\u00e4v\u00e4llismielisyyden kannalta ihanteellista k\u00e4\u00e4nnytt\u00e4mist\u00e4kin Sharpin pakottamis- ja yksil\u00f6painotuksen sijaan. N\u00e4ine painotuksineen Galtung ei k\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00e4 pasifismiin pes\u00e4eron tekev\u00e4n Sharpin tavoin selk\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4 rauhanliikkeen historialle, vaan positioituu pikemminkin sen jatkajaksi ja jalostajaksi. Edell\u00e4 mainittujen tekij\u00f6iden yhteisvaikutuksesta Galtungin strategian v\u00e4kivallattomien toimijoiden valta poikkeaa Sharpin weberil\u00e4isest\u00e4 valtak\u00e4sityksest\u00e4: Galtungin strategia asettaa Kari Palosen Arendtin valtak\u00e4sityksen tulkintaa muistuttavalla tavalla vallan p\u00e4\u00e4asialliseksi kohteeksi sodan implisiittisen luonnontilan \u2013 ei toista toimijaa tai toimijajoukkoa \u2013 ja poikkeaa niin Weberist\u00e4 kuin Arendistakin asettamalla vallan subjektiksi kollektiivitoimijan, joka k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 valtaa itseens\u00e4 tekee itsest\u00e4\u00e4n vastustuskykyisen muiden vallank\u00e4ytt\u00f6pyrkimyksille.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Juhani Mastokangas (jumamast) on 2016-11-18 14:33:13.057819. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-11-18T14:33:13Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201611184678.pdf: 598989 bytes, checksum: 4fdb891b5e8b4476d9206cb7de1a7bc3 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4871 bytes, checksum: 4a876dc93fe715a3e1fed36bdc9d08d9 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-18T14:33:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201611184678.pdf: 598989 bytes, checksum: 4fdb891b5e8b4476d9206cb7de1a7bc3 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4871 bytes, checksum: 4a876dc93fe715a3e1fed36bdc9d08d9 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (139 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Sharp, Gene", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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