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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Hulmi, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Pesola, Arto", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Tarkka, Ina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Suonp\u00e4\u00e4, Marianna", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-10-25T17:06:34Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-10-25T17:06:34Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1575988", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/51681", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkimuksen tausta ja tarkoitus \r\n\r\nFitness-kilpailua edelt\u00e4\u00e4 usean kuukauden mittainen kilpailudieetti, jonka tarkoituksena on v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 kehon rasvakudosta esteettisen ulkon\u00e4\u00f6n saavuttamiseksi. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, muuttuuko naiskilpailijoiden antropometria ja fyysinen aktiivisuus fitness-urheilulajien kilpailudieetill\u00e4 ja sen j\u00e4lkeisell\u00e4 palautumisjaksolla.\r\n\r\nTutkimusaineisto ja menetelm\u00e4t \r\n\r\nTutkimusaineisto oli osa Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston liikuntabiologian laitoksella toteutettua \u201dKilpailemisen vaikutus fitness-urheilijan kehon koostumukseen ja fyysiseen suorituskykyprofiiliin sek\u00e4 fysiologisiin tekij\u00f6ihin naisilla\u201d -tutkimusta. Tutkimuksessa oli mukana loppuun asti 27 fitness-kilpailijaa, jotka kilpailivat syksyll\u00e4 2015 kansallisissa fitness-lajien arvokilpailuissa. Kontrolliryhm\u00e4n\u00e4 oli 23 kuntosalilla tavoitteellisesti harjoittelevaa naista. Kaikki naiset osallistuivat kolmena eri ajankohtana laajasti erilaisiin mittauksiin. Kilpailijoilla mittaukset olivat ennen kilpailudieetti\u00e4, dieetin j\u00e4lkeen ja noin nelj\u00e4n kuukauden kuluttua dieetin loppumisesta. Kontrollihenkil\u00f6ill\u00e4 olivat vastaavat ajankohdat ilman dieetti\u00e4. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin tutkittavien ymp\u00e4rysmittoja, ihopoimuja, osaa bioimpedanssin tuloksista, DXA:n androidista rasvaa, liikuntap\u00e4iv\u00e4kirjoja ja aktiivisuuskysely\u00e4. Aineiston analysointi tehtiin Excel 2013 - ja IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 -ohjelmilla. Tilastollisina analyysein\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin toistomittausten varianssianalyysi\u00e4, t-testi\u00e4, Friedmanin ja Mann Whitneyn U -testi\u00e4. \r\n\r\nTulokset \r\n\r\nKilpailijoiden antropometria muuttui eritt\u00e4in merkitsev\u00e4sti alku- ja v\u00e4limittauksen sek\u00e4 v\u00e4li- ja loppumittauksen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (p<0.001). Kilpailijoiden kehon paino v\u00e4heni noin 20 viikon pituisen dieetin aikana keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 64.3 kg:sta 56.5 kg:aan (p<0.001) ja palautui v\u00e4limittauksen arvosta lukuun 62.6 kg:aan. Bioimpedanssilla mitattu rasvaprosentti v\u00e4heni 19.7 %:sta 11.6 %:iin (p<0.001) ja nousi palautumisjaksolla 17.8 %:iin. Ihopoimupihdeill\u00e4 tarkasteltuna rasvaprosentti v\u00e4heni 25.2 %:sta 18.3 %:iin (p<0.001) ja palautui 26.0 %:iin. Androidisen rasvan m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 muuttui alkutilanteen 921.8 g:sta 260.4 g:aan (p<0.001) ja se palautui lukemaan 801.5 g. Kilpailijoilla oli liikuntaharjoittelua dieetin alussa 8.5 krt/vko ja tunteina tarkasteltuna 8.3 h/vko. Kilpailijat toteuttivat dieetin alussa harjoittelua keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isell\u00e4 intensiteetill\u00e4 7.0 METs, joka oli MET-tunteina 58.6 METh/vko. Kilpailijoiden koko liikuntaharjoittelun useus ja kesto (p\u22640.01) lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyiv\u00e4t merkitsev\u00e4sti dieetin alusta kilpailuviikkoa edelt\u00e4neelle viikolle, jolloin useus oli 13.7 krt/vko ja kesto 11.5 h/vko. Liikuntaharjoittelun keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen intensiteetti v\u00e4heni tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti dieetin alusta ja puoliv\u00e4list\u00e4 (p<0.001) kilpailuviikkoon, jolloin kilpailijat raportoivat aikaisempaa enemm\u00e4n poseerausharjoittelua ja venyttely\u00e4. Kilpailijoiden aerobisen ja voimaharjoittelun intensiteetti ja MET-tunnit v\u00e4heniv\u00e4t merkitsev\u00e4sti my\u00f6s kilpailuviikolla suhteessa aikaisempiin mittausajankohtiin (p<0.01). Palautumisjaksoilla liikuntaharjoittelun intensiteetti nousi merkitsev\u00e4sti kilpailuviikosta (p\u22640.001), mutta aerobisen harjoittelun useus v\u00e4heni verrattuna kilpailuviikkoa edelt\u00e4neeseen viikkoon (p<0.01). Kilpailijoilla ei ollut merkitsevi\u00e4 muutoksia arkiaktiivisuudessa kolmena mittausajankohtana. Kilpailijoiden energiansaanti laski dieetill\u00e4 (p=0.001) ja se palautui l\u00e4ht\u00f6tilannetta kohti palautumisjaksolla. Kilpailijoiden arvioitu energiankulutus nousi hieman dieetin puoliv\u00e4liss\u00e4 ja laski merkitsev\u00e4sti palautumisjaksolla suhteessa dieetin puoliv\u00e4liin (p=0.02).\r\n\r\nJohtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kset \r\n\r\nKilpailijoiden antropometriassa tapahtui dieetin seurauksena muutoksia, jotka johtuivat energiankulutusta v\u00e4h\u00e4isemm\u00e4st\u00e4 energiansaannista ja dieetill\u00e4 mahdollisesti lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneest\u00e4 aerobisen harjoittelun m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4. Voimaharjoittelun m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ss\u00e4 ei tapahtunut merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 muutoksia kilpailuviikkoa lukuun ottamatta. Palautumisjaksolla kilpailijoiden liikuntaharjoittelun intensiteetti kasvoi kilpailuviikosta, mutta aerobisen harjoittelun m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 oli merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti v\u00e4h\u00e4isemp\u00e4\u00e4 kuin dieetill\u00e4. Kilpailijoiden antropometria palautui p\u00e4\u00e4osin ennalleen noin 20 viikon palautumisjakson aikana, mik\u00e4 kertoo siit\u00e4, ettei fitness-kilpailukunto ole jatkuvaa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Background and purpose\r\n\r\nBefore the fitness competition there is a competition diet of several months, which is aimed to reduce fat mass to achieve aesthetic look. The purpose of this study was to find out whether female competitors\u2019 an-thropometrics and the amount of physical activity undergo changes in the fitness sports\u2019 competition diet and post recovery period. \r\n\r\nMethods\r\n\r\nThe research material was part of the study implemented by the department of Biology of Physical Activity in the University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4: \u201cThe effect of competing on the fitness athlete body composition and physical performance profile and physiological factors in women\u201d. The study was completed by 27 body fitness, bikini fitness and fitness competitors, who participated in the fall 2015 in the national competitions. There were 23 women, who trained goal-oriented in the gym, as a control group. All women participated in various measurements at three different time points. Competitors\u2019 measurements were before the competition diet, after the diet and about four months after the end of the diet. Controls had the corresponding measurement schedules, without a diet. This study focused on circumferences, skinfolds, some results of bioimpedance, the visceral fat measured by DXA and physical activity diaries of the subjects. Analysis of the data was done in Excel 2013 - and IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software. As the statistical methods repeated measures analysis of variance, t-test, Friedman- and Mann-Whitney U -test were used. \r\n\r\nResults\r\n\r\nAnthropometrics of the competitors changed significantly between the pre- and mid-term measurements and between the mid- and post-term measurement (p<0.001). In about 20 weeks diet the body weight of the competitors reduced from 64.3 kg to 56.5 kg (p<0.001) and afterwards it reverted to 62.6 kg. Fat percentage measured by bioimpedance reduced from 19.7 % to 11.6 % (p<0.001) and it increased in the recovery period to 17.8 %. The fat percentage measured by skinfolds reduced from 25.2 % to 18.3 % (p<0.001) and reverted to 26.0 %. Android fat changed from the pre-value 921.6 g to 260.4 g (p<0.001) and it reverted to 801.5 g. Competitors exercised 8.5 times/week and 8.3 hours/week in the beginning of the diet. The average intensity was 7.0 METs and 58.6 METh/week in the beginning. Competitors\u2019 frequency and duration of the exercise training (p\u22640.01) increased significantly from the beginning of the diet to the week before a competition week, when the frequency was 13.7 times/week and the duration 11.5 h/week. The average intensity of the exercise decreased statistically from the beginning and mid-point of the diet (p<0.001) compared with the competition week, when competitors reported more posing training and stretching than before. Also, the intensity and MET-hours of aerobic and strength training reduced significantly in the competition week compared with the previous measurement (p<0.01). In the recovery periods, the intensity of the exercise training significantly increased from the competition week\u2019s value (p\u22640.001), but the frequency of aerobic exercise decreased compared with the week before the competition week (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant changes in the amount of everyday activity of the competitors in three measurements. The energy intake of the competitors decreased in the diet (p=0.001) and it reverted toward baseline level in the recovery period. The estimated energy consumption of the competitors increased slightly in the diet and it decreased significantly in the recovery period compared with the diet's value (p=0.02).\r\n\r\nConclusion \r\n\r\nAs a result of the diet, there were significant changes in the anthropometrics of the competitors, which were due to the intake of less energy than consumed and possibly increased aerobic training in the diet. There were no significant changes in the amount of strength training except in the competition week. In the recovery period, competitors' amount of exercise training increased from the competition week, but the amount of aerobic training was significantly less than in the diet. Anthropometrics of the competitors returned mainly in 3\u20134 months, which is reflecting the fact that the fitness competition condition is not long lasting.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Marianna Suonp\u00e4\u00e4 (mamielsu) on 2016-10-25 17:06:33.568762. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =False]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-10-25T17:06:34Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201610254447.pdf: 1230430 bytes, checksum: 2ed91260e4a95671ea94cde511816031 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 1192 bytes, checksum: 22c9df92588a80a74e30966a9f5ef65c (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T17:06:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201610254447.pdf: 1230430 bytes, checksum: 2ed91260e4a95671ea94cde511816031 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 1192 bytes, checksum: 22c9df92588a80a74e30966a9f5ef65c (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (73 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "bikini fitness", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "body fitness", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kilpailudieetti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Fitness-kilpailijoiden antropometria ja fyysinen aktiivisuus kilpailudieetill\u00e4 ja sen j\u00e4lkeisell\u00e4 palautumisjaksolla", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201610254447", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", 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