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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Astikainen, Piia", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Alhainen, Veera", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-08-11T15:59:04Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-08-11T15:59:04Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1571204", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/50941", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet masentuneiden tarkkaavuuden kiinnittyv\u00e4n helpommin mielialan kanssa yhtenev\u00e4isiin kasvonilmeisiin. Ei ole kuitenkaan viel\u00e4 varmaa voidaanko v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4 havaita jo tarkkaavaisuutta edelt\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 prosessoinnissa aivojen s\u00e4hk\u00f6isi\u00e4 j\u00e4nnitevasteita mittaamalla. Tutkimme automaattista kasvonilmeiden esitietoista prosessointia elektroenkefalografialla (EEG) kahdessa \u00e4rsyketilanteessa, joissa esitettiin kasvokuvia. Toisessa koetilanteessa neutraalit kasvot (p = .80) esitettiin toistuvasti ja surulliset kasvot harvoin (p = .20), kun taas toisessa toistuivat neutraalit kasvot (p = .80) ja iloiset kasvot esitettiin harvoin (p = .20). Vertasimme toisiinsa masentuneiden ja ei-masentuneiden koehenkil\u00f6iden kasvonilmeiden her\u00e4tt\u00e4mi\u00e4 P1- ja N170-vasteita. K\u00e4ytimme samoja \u00e4rsyketilanteita tutkiessamme muutoksia automaattisessa kasvonilmeiden prosessoinnissa masentuneilla eri aikapisteiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 selvitt\u00e4\u00e4ksemme muuttuuko kasvonilmeiden prosessointiin liittyv\u00e4 aivotoiminta kun masennusoireet v\u00e4henev\u00e4t. Tutkimme muutoksia ensimm\u00e4isest\u00e4 aikapisteest\u00e4, jossa kaikilla masentuneilla koehenkil\u00f6ill\u00e4 oli diagnosoitu masennus ja akuutteja masennusoireita, toiseen aikapisteeseen 5-6 viikkoa my\u00f6hemmin, jolloin puolet koehenkil\u00f6ist\u00e4 oli saanut lyhyen psykologisen masennushoidon. Loput koehenkil\u00f6t saivat hoidon toisen mittauksen j\u00e4lkeen. Lis\u00e4ksi tutkimme muutoksia ensimm\u00e4isest\u00e4 aikapisteest\u00e4 3 vuoden seurantamittaukseen. Lopuksi tutkimme aivojen s\u00e4hk\u00f6isten j\u00e4nnitevasteiden korrelaatioita masennuksen tasoon, jota mitattiin BDI-II \u2013masennuskyselyll\u00e4, selvitt\u00e4\u00e4ksemme onko mahdollinen v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4 kasvonilmeiden prosessoinnissa riippuvainen masennustilasta ja muuttuu masennusoireiden lieventyess\u00e4, vai onko kyseess\u00e4 suhteellisen muuttumaton piirteenkaltainen ominaisuus. P1-vasteissa toistuviin neutraaleihin ja harvoin esiintyviin iloisiin kasvoihin ei ollut eroa ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Sen sijaan masentuneilla havaittiin suurempi P1-erotusvaste harvoin esiintyviin surullisiin ja toistuviin neutraaleihin kasvoihin kuin kontrolleilla. T\u00e4m\u00e4 viittaa siihen, ett\u00e4 masentuneilla varhainen kasvonilmeiden prosessointi on poikkeavaa. Huomasimme, ett\u00e4 poikkeavuus lievittyy kun masennusoireet v\u00e4hentyv\u00e4t. V\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4 oli heikentynyt ensimm\u00e4isest\u00e4 mittauksesta molempiin j\u00e4lkimittauksiin. Lis\u00e4ksi masennusoireiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n ja varhaisen kasvonilmeiden prosessoinnin v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4n v\u00e4lill\u00e4 havaittiin yhteys. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, ett\u00e4 masentuneilla havaittu kasvonilmeiden prosessoinnin v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4 mielialan kanssa yhtenev\u00e4isiin kasvonilmeisiin on havaittavissa jo varhaisessa automaattisessa kasvonilmeiden prosessoinnissa noin 100 ms \u00e4rsykkeen esitt\u00e4misen j\u00e4lkeen. Tulokset osoittavat my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 pikemmin kuin pysyv\u00e4 piirre, kasvonilmeiden prosessoinnin v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4 vaikuttaisi liittyv\u00e4n nimenomaan akuutteihin masennusoireisiin. Ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei ollut merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja N170-vasteiden voimakkuudessa vaikka k\u00e4yr\u00e4kuvien perusteella vasteet olivat selv\u00e4sti suuremmat emotionaalisiin kuin neutraaleihin kasvoihin. Kaikkiaan, vasteet olivat hitaampia emotionaalisiin kuin neutraaleihin kasvoihin.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Studies have indicated an attentional bias towards mood-congruent facial expressions in depression. However, it is not yet entirely clear whether this mood-congruent bias can be detected already at the pre-attentive level of processing as measured with event-related potentials (ERPs). We studied automatic processing of task-irrelevant facial expressions in depression with electroencephalography (EEG) using an oddball paradigm with two stimulus conditions: 1) frequent neutral faces (p = .80) and infrequent sad faces (p = .20), and 2) frequent neutral faces (p = .80) and infrequent happy faces (p = .20). First, we compared P1 and N170 responses to facial expressions in depressed to those in non-depressed control participants. We also used the same conditions in investigating changes in the pre-attentive facial expression processing in depressed between different time points. We investigated whether the automatic brain activity in response to emotional faces changes as a function of the depressive symptoms. We examined the changes from the first time point in which all of the depressed participants had a diagnosed depression and acute symptoms to the second time point 5-6 weeks after in which half of the participants had received a short psychological intervention for depression and were in remission. We also examined the changes in the ERPs and depressive symptoms from the first time point to a 3-year follow-up measurement. Finally, we correlated the ERPs to the level of the depression as measured with BDI-II questionnaire to examine whether the possible dysfunction in facial expression processing is state-dependent, and changes along with the degree of depression, or whether it is a trait-like characteristic and remains stable over time. No significant differences between the depressed and controls were observed in the P1 amplitudes to infrequent happy and frequent neutral faces. Instead, we found dysfunctional early processing of facial expressions in acute depression as indicated by enhanced P1 differential response compared to the control group to infrequent sad and frequent neutral faces. We found this dysfunction to alleviate as the degree of depression facilitated in the 5-6 week as well as the 3-year follow-up measurement. Further, we observed a positive correlation between BDI-II and the early bias towards mood-congruent facial expressions. These findings indicate the bias towards mood-congruent emotional faces in depression, previously observed at the attentional level, already to exist at the pre-attentive level of processing around 100 ms after the stimulus onset, and support the state-dependence of the early mood-congruent bias. No differences between the groups were observed in the N170 amplitudes although the ERP waveforms showed larger responses to emotional than neutral faces. In the latencies to infrequent sad and frequent neutral faces, a larger latency difference was observed in the depressed than in the controls in both P1 and N170 responses. Overall, the latencies to emotional faces were slower than latencies to neutral faces.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Veera Alhainen (veinalha) on 2016-08-11 15:59:03.386124. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =False]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-08-11T15:59:03Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201608113777.pdf: 1747407 bytes, checksum: 1b61e05a03eb6137e45cd45707869567 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 1183 bytes, checksum: 4b5299cfd973ade3d8f7698fb8ab12be (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T15:59:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201608113777.pdf: 1747407 bytes, checksum: 1b61e05a03eb6137e45cd45707869567 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 1183 bytes, checksum: 4b5299cfd973ade3d8f7698fb8ab12be (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (62 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "facial expressions", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "major depressive disorder (MDD)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "electroencephalography (EEG)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "event-related potential (ERP)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "P1", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "N170", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Pre-attentive brain responses to mood-congruent facial expressions are sensitive to changes in depressive symptoms", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", 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Aineisto on luettavissa Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6asemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "This material has a restricted access due to copyright reasons. It can be read at the workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library reserved for the use of archival materials: https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities.", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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