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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kuuva, Sari", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Julkunen, Iina", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-06-16T07:22:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-06-16T07:22:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1544988", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/50360", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 poikkitieteellisess\u00e4 tutkielmassa kartoitetaan tilastoanalyysi\u00e4 ja laadullista analyysi\u00e4 hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4en, millaiset visuaaliset tekij\u00e4t kuvassa mahdollisesti saavat katsojan tekem\u00e4\u00e4n kuvasta voimakkaan kielteisen, kauhistuneen tulkinnan. Kauhu k\u00e4sitet\u00e4\u00e4n t\u00e4ss\u00e4 kognitiivis-emotionaalisena prosessina, johon kuuluu tunnepitoisten kohteiden havaitsemista ja niiden prosessointia, joka voi n\u00e4ky\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00f6ksess\u00e4 havainnoitavina piirtein\u00e4. Kauhua her\u00e4tt\u00e4vien tunnepitoisten kohteiden voidaan olettaa aiemman tutkimuksen perusteella olevan varsin samankaltaisia katsojien yksil\u00f6llisist\u00e4 eroista riippumatta. T\u00e4h\u00e4n liittyen tutkimuksen taideteoreettisena viitekehyksen\u00e4 toimivat kognitiivinen ikonologia sek\u00e4 keskustelu luonnollisesti havaittavista ja universaaleista merkeist\u00e4. Visuaalisia elementtej\u00e4 kartoitetaan t\u00e4ss\u00e4 International Affective Picture System (IAPS) \u2013sarjan kuvista. Ty\u00f6n empiirisen\u00e4 osiona toimii aiemmin psykologian tutkimuksessa k\u00e4ytetty k\u00e4yt\u00f6svastekoe, jossa 66 koehenkil\u00f6lle n\u00e4ytettiin IAPS-kuvia ja kysyttiin, pitiv\u00e4tk\u00f6 he n\u00e4kem\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4 kielteisen\u00e4 vai neutraalina. Vastaus annettiin napinpainalluksella, josta ker\u00e4ttiin reaktioaika. Kokeessa ker\u00e4tty kategorisaatio- ja reaktioaikadata analysoitiin tilastollisesti. Laadullisessa osiossa empiirist\u00e4 tutkimusaineistoa analysoitiin laadullisesti ja verrattiin havaintoja kuvataiteen esimerkkiteoksiin eritoten groteskin taiteen joukosta. Kuvat esitettiin kokeessa asteittain sumentuneina, mik\u00e4 mahdollisti my\u00f6s sen tarkastelemisen, vaikuttaako kuvan asteittainen paljastuminen kielteisen tulkinnan ja tunnevasteen syntyyn, kuten kauhutaiteen teoreetikot ovat ehdottaneet.\r\n\r\nTutkimuksessa havaittiin, ett\u00e4 yksimielisimmin kielteisin\u00e4 kokeessa tulkittiin kuvat, jotka sis\u00e4lsiv\u00e4t tummaa ja punas\u00e4vyist\u00e4 v\u00e4rienk\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 ja jotka esittiv\u00e4t fyysist\u00e4 uhkaa tai vauriota. Lis\u00e4ksi merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4 tuloksena esiin tuli, ett\u00e4 sumea, ep\u00e4selv\u00e4 esitystapa yhdistettyn\u00e4 kielteiseksi koettuun kuva-aiheeseen aiheuttaa katsojassa reaktioaikojen kasvua (sumennuksen ja kuvan valenssin vaikutus reaktioaikaan oli 25-prosenttisen Gaussian Blur \u2013efektin asteella tilastollisesti eritt\u00e4in merkitsev\u00e4, p>.0001) T\u00e4m\u00e4 voidaan n\u00e4hd\u00e4 osoituksena katsojan kiihtyneest\u00e4 kognitiivisesta ja emotionaalisesta prosessoinnista, jota voidaan k\u00e4sitteellist\u00e4\u00e4 kauhuna. Representaatiotapaa, jossa kielteinen sis\u00e4lt\u00f6 esitet\u00e4\u00e4n h\u00e4mment\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4, ep\u00e4selke\u00e4ll\u00e4 tyylill\u00e4, on hy\u00f6dynnetty taiteen historiassa eritoten groteskissa kuvataiteessa. L\u00f6yd\u00f6s sumeuden pys\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4st\u00e4 vaikutuksesta on sovellettavissa my\u00f6s nykytaiteen ja valokuvataiteen esitystapojen analysointiin. Tutkimuksessa tehty havainto siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 jotkin kuvasis\u00e4ll\u00f6t sek\u00e4 sumeus lis\u00e4siv\u00e4t varsin yksimielisesti kielteist\u00e4 kokemusta katsojien henkil\u00f6kohtaisista eroista riippumatta, antaa osaltaan tukea jonkinlaisen luonnollisen merkin olemassaololle.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "This cross-disciplinary master\u2019s thesis addresses the question of universal visual elements that cause strong, negatively valenced emotional responses and interpretations within the viewer. This negative emotional response \u2013 which can be taken as \u201chorror\u201d - is seen as an emotional-cognitive process involving the perception and processing of emotionally relevant visual elements. According to reaction time paradigm, this processing may manifest itself in reaction latency. In this study the visual elements are sought in images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), using the empirical reaction time study in the writer\u2019s previous thesis Interpretation of ambiguous visual stimuli in depression: a behavioral response study (University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Department of Psychology, 2014) as basis. In the study 66 participants viewed neutral and negative IAPS-pictures and were asked to categorize the images as either neutral or negative as quickly as possible. The categorization data and reaction time data were analyzed statistically, providing information about the general tendencies to categorize the images and the average reaction times towards pictures. In this present study the visual content of the IAPS-pictures used in the previous study is analyzed hermeneutically and compared to visual art works. The context of the study comprises of cognitive iconology and the discussion on universal visual signs.\r\n\r\nThe analysis showed highly unanimous dislike toward pictures that made use of dark and red tones and depicted physical harm or threat. In addition, a remarkable rise in reaction times was observed when a negative image was manipulated with a 25-50% Gaussian Blur effect (the effect of blur and image valence on reaction time was highly significant on that level, p>.0001). The rise in reaction time can be seen as an indicator of elevated cognitive-emotional processing within the viewer. Together the negative categorization and slowed reaction can be taken to indicate an emotional response similar to horror. This finding is interesting, since representing negative content in an ambiguous way is a distinctive feature seen in the history of art, especially in grotesque art. The finding can also be applied to analysis of representation in artistic photography. These findings also suggest that there may truly be some visual universals that seem to attract negatively valenced interpretation in groups of people, in spite of individual differences. The results provide support for the existence of some sort of natural sign as an important component in the process of image interpretation.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Iina Julkunen (iimaanju) on 2016-06-16 07:22:45.605262. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-06-16T07:22:46Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201606163115.pdf: 1294090 bytes, checksum: f2256a40c513b61274f60efd6007ea79 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4883 bytes, checksum: 62e1afb9628690ea6230733c5fe21d05 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-16T07:22:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201606163115.pdf: 1294090 bytes, checksum: f2256a40c513b61274f60efd6007ea79 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4883 bytes, checksum: 62e1afb9628690ea6230733c5fe21d05 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (108 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "empiirinen tutkimus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "groteski", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ikonologia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kauhu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kognitiivinen psykologia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "reaktiot", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "tulkinta", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Kauhun anatomia : reaktioaikatutkimus kuvataiteen kauhua her\u00e4tt\u00e4vist\u00e4 elementeist\u00e4 kognitiivisen ikonologian n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title.alternative", "value": "Reaktioaikatutkimus kuvataiteen kauhua her\u00e4tt\u00e4vist\u00e4 elementeist\u00e4 kognitiivisen ikonologian n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": "alternative", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201606163115", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taiteiden ja kulttuurin tutkimuksen laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Art and Cultural Studies", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Taidehistoria", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Art History", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2016-06-16T07:22:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "310", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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