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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Juutinen Taija", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Oksanen, Hermanni", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-06-08T06:55:28Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-06-08T06:55:28Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1542863", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/50161", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Coordination of a task such as plantar flexion might seem simple, but is in reality achieved\r\nthrough the activation of several muscles\u2014muscles that play an important role in locomotion\r\nand posture control. These can be divided in to two groups, superficial and deep plantar flexors.\r\nIt has been shown that although people usually produce certain well learned movements very\r\nsimilarly, some variability in the coordination might occur. This is also the case with the ankle\r\nplantar flexors as shown by Finni et al. (2006) and Masood et al (2014). Purpose of the study\r\nwas to examine whether some individuals use their deeper plantar flexors to a greater extent\r\nthan others and to see whether the relative contribution of the deeper muscles is affected by the\r\ntype of movement or torque level. The two methods of measuring muscle activity, EMG and\r\nVE-PC MRI, were also compared.\r\nFifteen subjects took part in two measurement sessions where the activity of the plantar flexor\r\nmuscles was measured. The first session took place in a biomechanics laboratory where EMG\r\ndata from gastrocnemius medialis, soleus and flexor hallucis longus was recorded. The other\r\nsession was done in the MRI scanner and produced muscle tissue velocity data for the same\r\nthree muscles. Subjects did both isometric and concentric plantar flexion tasks at torque levels\r\nof 10% MVC and 30% MVC.\r\nThe relative contribution of the deeper muscles was assessed by calculating velocity ratios between\r\nGM and FHL as well as Sol and FHL. Clear differences were found between individuals.\r\nThe lowest ratios, indicating greater activity of deep muscles were 1.02 for GM/FHL and 1.09\r\nfor Sol/FHL, whereas, the highest ratios were 2.08 and 2.44 respectively. At 10% torque level\r\nthe two different movement types differed slightly. For GM/FHL velocity ratio was 0.41\r\n(p<0.05), and for Sol/FHL 0.38 (p=0.68) smaller in isometric task compared to concentric.\r\nTorque level had no effect on the relative contribution of the deeper muscles. For GM (r=0.52,\r\np<0.001) and FHL (r=0.59, p<0.001) there was a correlation between the EMG and peak mean\r\nnegative velocity. The correlation between peak mean negative velocity and torque, and EMG\r\nand torque were also similar to each other.\r\nDifferences in velocity ratios show that individuals use their deeper plantar flexors to different\r\nextent. Some of the subjects showed little to no movement in the deeper muscles whereas others\r\nhad equal peak mean velocities in the deeper muscles. With the conflicting results no clear\r\nconclusion can be drawn on whether torque or type of movement affect the relative contribution\r\nof the deeper muscles. The two measurement methods yielded similar results and there was also\r\na correlation between peak mean velocity and EMG for GM and FHL.", "language": "", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Hermanni Oksanen (laheoksa) on 2016-06-08 06:55:27.943483. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-06-08T06:55:28Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201606082962.pdf: 1756363 bytes, checksum: 782553e8ed1b5c461b724daab09c61d6 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4858 bytes, checksum: 175ae36331a9194751fdd6a9fb2e9a71 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T06:55:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201606082962.pdf: 1756363 bytes, checksum: 782553e8ed1b5c461b724daab09c61d6 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4858 bytes, checksum: 175ae36331a9194751fdd6a9fb2e9a71 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (52 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Use of deeper plantar flexor muscles in low torque isometric and concentric plantar flexion tasks", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201606082962", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikuntabiologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biology of Physical Activity", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomechanics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2016-06-08T06:55:29Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5012", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "elektromyografia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "koordinointi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "magneettitutkimus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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