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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Piirainen, Jarmo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Linnamo, Vesa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Lamminen, Liisa", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-06-06T16:42:45Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-06-06T16:42:45Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1542824", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/50141", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Lamminen, Liisa 2016. Venyttelyn vaikutus t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksen ja kiertyneen ajoasennon aiheuttamaan sel\u00e4n ja niskan kuormitukseen. Biomekaniikan pro gradu -tutkielma, Liikuntabiologian laitos, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto, 56s.\r\n\r\nT\u00e4rin\u00e4lle altistutaan l\u00e4hes kaikilla ajoneuvoilla ajettaessa, mutta erityisesti ty\u00f6koneiden kuljettajiin kohdistuu kehot\u00e4rin\u00e4\u00e4 ja samanaikaisesti ajoasento voi poiketa normaalista suorasta ajoasennosta. Pitk\u00e4aikaisen kehot\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksen tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n aiheuttavan terveyshaittoja kuten alasel\u00e4n ja niskan kiputiloja. Jatkuva altistus ep\u00e4normaalissa ajoasennossa aiheuttaa my\u00f6s lihasv\u00e4symyst\u00e4 ja keskittymiskyvyn heikkenemist\u00e4.\r\n\r\nT\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, aiheuttaako t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistus muutoksia isometriseen voimantuottoon. Lis\u00e4ksi tutkittiin, miten t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksen keskeytt\u00e4v\u00e4 venyttely vaikuttaa kuljettajien toimintakykyyn, ja v\u00e4heneek\u00f6 kuormittuneisuuden tunne niskassa, hartioissa ja alasel\u00e4ss\u00e4, kun t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 on tehty venyttelyliikkeit\u00e4. Tutkimuksessa k\u00e4ytettiin liikelaitetta, jolla voidaan simuloida ep\u00e4tasaisella alustalla ajoneuvoon kohdistuvaa t\u00e4rin\u00e4\u00e4. Laitteeseen kiinnitettiin simuloitavan ajoneuvon istuin, ohjauspy\u00f6r\u00e4 sek\u00e4 polkimet, jolloin altistus voitiin antaa autenttisessa ajoasennossa. T\u00e4rin\u00e4n vaikutuksia kuljettajan v\u00e4symiseen ja voimantuottoon voitiin n\u00e4in mitata laboratorio-olosuhteissa. Testattavina oli 10 tervett\u00e4 miest\u00e4, i\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4n 29 \u00b1 11 -vuotiaita, joilla ei ollut aiempia niskan, hartioiden tai alasel\u00e4n vaivoja. T\u00e4rin\u00e4altistus simuloi traktorilla teht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 \u00e4estyst\u00e4 ja testattava oli kiertyneess\u00e4 ajoasennossa 2 x 45 minuutin t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksen ajan, jonka aikana h\u00e4n sai k\u00e4\u00e4nty\u00e4 suoraan ajoasentoon 15 sekunnin ajaksi 15 minuutin v\u00e4lein.\r\n\r\nTestattavilta mitattiin t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistusta ennen ja sen j\u00e4lkeen isometriset maksimivoimantuotot k\u00e4sien pystypunnerruksessa ja sel\u00e4n ojennuksessa sek\u00e4 lihasaktiivisuudet vasemmasta hartialihaksesta, ep\u00e4k\u00e4slihaksista ja oikeanpuoleisesta sel\u00e4n ojentajalihaksesta 100 %, 75 %, 50 % ja 25 % voimantuoton aikana. Lis\u00e4ksi mitattiin testattavien pituus sek\u00e4 reaktioaika auditiiviseen ja visuaaliseen \u00e4rsykkeeseen. T\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksen aikana testattavilta kirjattiin kuormittuneisuuden tuntemus niskan, hartioiden ja alasel\u00e4n alueelta 15 minuutin v\u00e4lein.\r\n\r\nVoimantuottoon t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksella ei ollut vaikutusta. Kuormittuneisuuden tuntemus kasvoi 90 minuutin tauottoman altistuksen vaikutuksesta tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti (p<0.05) sek\u00e4 niskassa 130.73 \u00b1 56.65 %, hartioissa 89.56 \u00b1 61.39 % ett\u00e4 alasel\u00e4ss\u00e4 57.62 \u00b1 49.06 %. Kuormittuneisuuden tunne kasvoi tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti niskassa ja hartioissa jo 15 minuutin kuluttua altistuksen alkamisesta. Niskan kuormittuneisuuden tunne kasvoi t\u00e4ll\u00f6in toisella testikerralla 59.50 \u00b1 31.93 % (ei venyttely\u00e4) ja toisella 54.10 \u00b1 37.03 % (venyttely), ja hartioissa 40.63 \u00b1 41.89 % (ei ven) ja 32.35 \u00b1 33.64 % (ven). Venyttelytauko v\u00e4hensi kuormittuneisuuden tuntemusta sek\u00e4 niskan ja hartioiden ett\u00e4 alasel\u00e4n alueella tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti (p<0.01); niskassa -29.11 \u00b1 17.32 %, hartioissa -14.98 \u00b1 12.86 % ja alasel\u00e4ss\u00e4 -15.65 \u00b1 19.27 %. Voimantuotoissa, reaktioajoissa ja pituuden muutoksissa ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja.\r\n\r\nT\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksen j\u00e4lkeisen MVC:n aikana mitattujen lihasaktiivisuuksien suhteellisissa muutoksissa ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja. Voidaan todeta, ettei t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistus eik\u00e4 venyttely vaikuttaneet lihasaktiivisuuteen, mutta venyttelyll\u00e4 oli positiivinen vaikutus kuormittuneisuuden tunteeseen, jonka perusteella voidaan suositella viiden minuutin venyttelytaukoa kerran tunnissa, kun altistutaan kokokehont\u00e4rin\u00e4lle ja ajoasento on samalla ep\u00e4normaali.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Lamminen, Liisa 2016. The effects of stretching to the loading of back and neck muscles caused by whole body vibration and the rotated driving posture. Master\u2019s Thesis of Biomechanics, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, 56 pg.\r\n\r\nEspecially professional drivers of industrial machines or vehicles are exposed to whole body vibration (WBV), and the driving posture can also differ from the normal neutral posture. Long term WBV is known to cause health problems, such as pain in lower back and shoulder areas. Continuous exposure at rotated posture leads to muscle fatigue and weakened concentration. The aim of this study was to find out if vibration exposure can cause changes in the isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and how stretching breaks that interrupt the exposure could impact the performance of drivers as compared to others undergoing exposure without a pause. Changes in the perceived exertion were also examined. An electric pneumatic motion platform to simulate driving on a rough platform was used. The test group consisted of ten healthy men aged 29\u00b111. None of them had experienced any earlier trouble in the neck-shoulder area or in the lower back. The vibration exposure simulated harrowing with a tractor, and the test persons were in rotated posture during the 2 x 45 minutes of exposure. Every 15 minutes they were allowed to turn to the neutral posture for 15 seconds. \r\n\r\nBoth before and after the exposure the isometric MVC were measured with arm push-ups and spinal extensions. The muscle activity of the left deltoideus, both trapezius and the right erector spinae muscles were also measured during 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of MVC. In addition, the height of the persons and their reaction time to auditory and visual stimuli were measured. During the exposure rated perceived exertion (RPE) in the neck, shoulders and lower back were asked from the subjects at 15 minute intervals.\r\n\r\nThe increase of RPE in the neck, shoulders and lower back was statistically significant (p<0.05) after a 90 minute exposure (neck 130.73 \u00b1 56.65 %, shoulders 89.56 \u00b1 61.39 % and lower back 57.62 \u00b1 49.06 %). RPE increased already after a 15 minute exposure. Changes were in the neck: 59.50 \u00b1 31.93 % (no stretch) and 54.10 \u00b1 37.03 % (stretch) and in shoulders 40.63 \u00b1 41.89 % (no stretch) and 32.35 \u00b1 33.64 % (stretch). Stretching pauses had a statistically significant reducing effect (p<0.01) on the RPE in the neck (-29.11 \u00b1 17.32 %), shoulders (-14.98 \u00b1 12.86 %) and lower back (-15.65 \u00b1 19.27 %). No statistically differences were detected in the MVC, reaction times and heights.\r\n\r\nChanges in muscle activity measured during MVC after the exposure were not statistically significant. It can be discovered that the exposure and stretching did not affect to the muscle activity. But stretching had a positive effect on RPE and that is why it is recommended to keep a 5 minute pause of stretching once an hour, when exposed to WBV and the driving posture is rotated.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Liisa Lamminen (lihelamm) on 2016-06-06 16:42:45.004498. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-06-06T16:42:45Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201606062941.pdf: 1283727 bytes, checksum: 9014f9b8effe77eec0cc32dc7109fadb (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4866 bytes, checksum: 50421e16087b98530d4c3bda10c33c97 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T16:42:45Z (GMT). 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"dc.subject.other", "value": "lihasaktiivisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "reaktioaika", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Venyttelyn vaikutus t\u00e4rin\u00e4altistuksen ja kiertyneen ajoasennon aiheuttamaan sel\u00e4n ja niskan kuormitukseen", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201606062941", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": 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