Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music

Äänekkyys (engl. loudness) on todistetusti ja tunnustetusti yksi helpoimmista tavoista välittää paremmuuden tunnetta, ja täten sitä on usein käytetty äänentoistossa ja äänitallenteissa. Kuitenkin digitaalisen tallennuksen ja toistoalustojen (kuten CD:n) myötä raja kuinka kovalle äänen voi laittaa on...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Tenhunen, Anssi
Other Authors: Humanistinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Humanities, Musiikin laitos, Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän yliopisto
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49891
_version_ 1826225758278778880
author Tenhunen, Anssi
author2 Humanistinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities Musiikin laitos Department of Music University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_facet Tenhunen, Anssi Humanistinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities Musiikin laitos Department of Music University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto Tenhunen, Anssi Humanistinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities Musiikin laitos Department of Music University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_sort Tenhunen, Anssi
datasource_str_mv jyx
description Äänekkyys (engl. loudness) on todistetusti ja tunnustetusti yksi helpoimmista tavoista välittää paremmuuden tunnetta, ja täten sitä on usein käytetty äänentoistossa ja äänitallenteissa. Kuitenkin digitaalisen tallennuksen ja toistoalustojen (kuten CD:n) myötä raja kuinka kovalle äänen voi laittaa on täyttynyt, mutta musiikkia edelleen työnnetään rajoja vasten ja tämä voi aiheuttaa äänenvääristymistä eli säröytymistä, joka usein katsotaan epämiellyttävänä. Tämä tutkimus yrittää selvittää, mitä on kynnys hyväksyttävän äänekkyyden ja epämiellyttävän äänekkyyden välillä. Testiin osallistui 25 koehenkilöä jotka kuuntelivat 100 äänekkyydeltään normalisoitua äänileikeparia erilaisilla tonaalisuuden ja dynamiikan käsittelyllä. Tulokset osoittivat, että taajuuskorjainkäsittely havaittiin ja karsastettiin verrattuna käsittelemättömään leikkeeseen lähes lineaarisesti käsittelyn määrän kasvaessa. Oallistujat joko eivät kuullut eroa tai heillä oli enemmän toleranssia dynamiikkaprosessoreille, mutta vastaukset hyppäsivät selkeästi vastaavanlaisiin lineaarisiin tuloksiin toleranssi-kynnysarvon ylittyessä. Täten dynamiikkaprosessorit antavat masterointiprosessille prosessissa, ja siten myös äänekkyyssodalle, merkittävän edun, kun yritetään saavuttaa äänekkyyttä ennen kuultavissa olevaa säröytymistä. Mutta koska äänekkyyden normalisointi on yleistymässä, dynamiisen alueen minimoimisella saatava etu mitätöityy. Loudness has been proven and acknowledged to be one of the easiest ways to convey something feeling “better”, and thus it has been frequently used technique in sound playback and recordings. However, with the invention of digital recording and playback mediums such as the CD, the limit of how loud sound can go has been met, but music is still being pushed to the limits and even further which can cause audible distortion, which often is viewed as unpleasant. This study tries to find out what is the threshold of acceptable loudness vs unpleasant loudness. A test was conducted where 25 test subjects were played 100 clips of volume matched clips of the same recording with different sort of tonal and dynamic range processing. Results showed that equalizer was perceived and disliked when compared to the unprocessed clip in linear fashion to the amount of processing, and participants either did not hear a difference or had more tolerance to limiters, but after a clear threshold point the results jumped to similar linear results. Thus using a limiter does give the mastering process and in that sense, the loudness war, a significant advantage when trying to achieve loudness until you reach the audible point of distortion. But as loudness normalization is becoming more common, the advantage gained from pushing the loudness further is nulled.
first_indexed 2024-09-11T08:50:01Z
format Pro gradu
free_online_boolean 1
fullrecord [{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Thompson, Marc", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Luck, Geoffrey", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Tenhunen, Anssi", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-05-23T13:22:07Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-05-23T13:22:07Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1541974", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49891", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "\u00c4\u00e4nekkyys (engl. loudness) on todistetusti ja tunnustetusti yksi helpoimmista tavoista v\u00e4litt\u00e4\u00e4 paremmuuden tunnetta, ja t\u00e4ten sit\u00e4 on usein k\u00e4ytetty \u00e4\u00e4nentoistossa ja \u00e4\u00e4nitallenteissa. Kuitenkin digitaalisen tallennuksen ja toistoalustojen (kuten CD:n) my\u00f6t\u00e4 raja kuinka kovalle \u00e4\u00e4nen voi laittaa on t\u00e4yttynyt, mutta musiikkia edelleen ty\u00f6nnet\u00e4\u00e4n rajoja vasten ja t\u00e4m\u00e4 voi aiheuttaa \u00e4\u00e4nenv\u00e4\u00e4ristymist\u00e4 eli s\u00e4r\u00f6ytymist\u00e4, joka usein katsotaan ep\u00e4miellytt\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus yritt\u00e4\u00e4 selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, mit\u00e4 on kynnys hyv\u00e4ksytt\u00e4v\u00e4n \u00e4\u00e4nekkyyden ja ep\u00e4miellytt\u00e4v\u00e4n \u00e4\u00e4nekkyyden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Testiin osallistui 25 koehenkil\u00f6\u00e4 jotka kuuntelivat 100 \u00e4\u00e4nekkyydelt\u00e4\u00e4n normalisoitua \u00e4\u00e4nileikeparia erilaisilla tonaalisuuden ja dynamiikan k\u00e4sittelyll\u00e4. Tulokset osoittivat, ett\u00e4 taajuuskorjaink\u00e4sittely havaittiin ja karsastettiin verrattuna k\u00e4sittelem\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4n leikkeeseen l\u00e4hes lineaarisesti k\u00e4sittelyn m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n kasvaessa. Oallistujat joko eiv\u00e4t kuullut eroa tai heill\u00e4 oli enemm\u00e4n toleranssia dynamiikkaprosessoreille, mutta vastaukset hypp\u00e4siv\u00e4t selke\u00e4sti vastaavanlaisiin lineaarisiin tuloksiin toleranssi-kynnysarvon ylittyess\u00e4. T\u00e4ten dynamiikkaprosessorit antavat masterointiprosessille prosessissa, ja siten my\u00f6s \u00e4\u00e4nekkyyssodalle, merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4n edun, kun yritet\u00e4\u00e4n saavuttaa \u00e4\u00e4nekkyytt\u00e4 ennen kuultavissa olevaa s\u00e4r\u00f6ytymist\u00e4. Mutta koska \u00e4\u00e4nekkyyden normalisointi on yleistym\u00e4ss\u00e4, dynamiisen alueen minimoimisella saatava etu mit\u00e4t\u00f6ityy.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Loudness has been proven and acknowledged to be one of the easiest ways to convey something feeling \u201cbetter\u201d, and thus it has been frequently used technique in sound playback and recordings. However, with the invention of digital recording and playback mediums such as the CD, the limit of how loud sound can go has been met, but music is still being pushed to the limits and even further which can cause audible distortion, which often is viewed as unpleasant. This study tries to find out what is the threshold of acceptable loudness vs unpleasant loudness. A test was conducted where 25 test subjects were played 100 clips of volume matched clips of the same recording with different sort of tonal and dynamic range processing. Results showed that equalizer was perceived and disliked when compared to the unprocessed clip in linear fashion to the amount of processing, and participants either did not hear a difference or had more tolerance to limiters, but after a clear threshold point the results jumped to similar linear results. Thus using a limiter does give the mastering process and in that sense, the loudness war, a significant advantage when trying to achieve loudness until you reach the audible point of distortion. But as loudness normalization is becoming more common, the advantage gained from pushing the loudness further is nulled.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Anssi Tenhunen (anhejote) on 2016-05-23 13:22:06.575261. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-05-23T13:22:07Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201605232667.pdf: 1737138 bytes, checksum: 7be83323a0cf2f35a843b4038bc8f480 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4819 bytes, checksum: 4585a8c9f5c34303d48fa9face2c9e1c (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-23T13:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201605232667.pdf: 1737138 bytes, checksum: 7be83323a0cf2f35a843b4038bc8f480 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4819 bytes, checksum: 4585a8c9f5c34303d48fa9face2c9e1c (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (35 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "\u00e4\u00e4nekkyys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201605232667", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Musiikin laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Music", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Music, Mind and Technology (maisteriohjelma)", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Master's Degree Programme in Music, Mind and Technology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2016-05-23T13:22:07Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "3054", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "musiikki", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "\u00e4\u00e4net", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
id jyx.123456789_49891
language eng
last_indexed 2025-02-18T10:56:23Z
main_date 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
main_date_str 2016
online_boolean 1
online_urls_str_mv {"url":"https:\/\/jyx.jyu.fi\/bitstreams\/8634d623-26a0-44bc-8420-8932b772f645\/download","text":"URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201605232667.pdf","source":"jyx","mediaType":"application\/pdf"}
publishDate 2016
record_format qdc
source_str_mv jyx
spellingShingle Tenhunen, Anssi Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music äänekkyys Music, Mind and Technology (maisteriohjelma) Master's Degree Programme in Music, Mind and Technology 3054 musiikki äänet
title Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music
title_full Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music
title_fullStr Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music
title_full_unstemmed Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music
title_short Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music
title_sort effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music
title_txtP Effects and justification of loudness war in commercial music
topic äänekkyys Music, Mind and Technology (maisteriohjelma) Master's Degree Programme in Music, Mind and Technology 3054 musiikki äänet
topic_facet 3054 Master's Degree Programme in Music, Mind and Technology Music, Mind and Technology (maisteriohjelma) musiikki äänekkyys äänet
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49891 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201605232667
work_keys_str_mv AT tenhunenanssi effectsandjustificationofloudnesswarincommercialmusic