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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kujala, Urho", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Tarkka, Ina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kontro, Titta", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-04-25T19:02:51Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-04-25T19:02:51Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1526232", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49546", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kontro, T. 2016. Entisten suomalaisten huippu-urheilijoiden alkoholink\u00e4ytt\u00f6 ja alkoholisairauksien riski. Terveystieteiden laitos, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto, liikuntal\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen pro gradu -tutkielma, 69 s., 7 liitett\u00e4.\r\n\r\nTutkimuksen tausta ja tarkoitus: Haitallinen alkoholink\u00e4ytt\u00f6 on globaali ongelma. My\u00f6s entisten huippu-urheilijoiden alkoholink\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 on keskusteltu mediassa paljon, mutta \r\ntieteellist\u00e4 n\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 aiheesta ei juurikaan ole olemassa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia aiemman kilpaurheilu-uran ja alkoholisairauksien v\u00e4list\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 sek\u00e4 alkoholink\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 eri urheilulajiryhmiss\u00e4 ja verrokeilla. Lis\u00e4ksi haluttiin selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 eri taustamuuttujien, kuten kilpa- ja kuntourheiluaktiviteetin sek\u00e4 tupakointistatuksen yhteytt\u00e4 entisten huippu-urheilijoiden alkoholink\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n aktiivisen kilpauran lopettamisen j\u00e4lkeen.\r\n\r\nTutkimusmenetelm\u00e4t: Suomalaisten miespuolisten entisten huippu-urheilijoiden (n=2202) ja verrokkien (n=1403)sairaalarekisteripohjainen seuranta alkoi 1.1.1970 (keski-ik\u00e4 45.1 v) ja p\u00e4\u00e4ttyi 31.12.2008. Tutkimusaineisto analysointiin IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0- ja Stata 14.0-ohjelmilla, tilastollisen merkitsevyyden rajaksi asetettiin p<0.05. Aineiston kuvailevassa analysoinnissa k\u00e4ytettiin frekvenssi\u00e4, prosenttijakaumaa, mediaania ja vaihteluv\u00e4li\u00e4, keskiarvoa ja 95 % luottamusv\u00e4li\u00e4 (CI), keskihajontaa (SD) sek\u00e4 ristiintaulukointia ja \u03c7\u00b2 -testi\u00e4. Coxin regressiomallia k\u00e4ytettiin p\u00e4\u00e4analyysimetodina, kun laskettiin hasardisuhteet (HR) entisten huippu-urheilijoiden ja verrokkien alkoholisairauksille. Vuonna 1985 tutkimukseen osallistujat vastasivat kyselytutkimukseen, joka sis\u00e4lsi kysymyksi\u00e4 alkoholink\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 (g/kk), fyysisest\u00e4 aktiivisuudesta (MET-tuntia/vko), kilpa- ja kuntourheiluaktiviteetista sek\u00e4 tupakointistatuksesta. Kyselytutkimusdata analysoitiin Mann-Whitneyn U-testill\u00e4 ja Kruskal-Wallisin testill\u00e4.\r\n\r\nTulokset: Entisten huippu-urheilijoiden ja verrokkien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei ollut eroa alkoholisairauksiin liittyv\u00e4ss\u00e4 riskiss\u00e4 HR 0.88 (95 % CI 0.68 - 1.14, p=0.344). Kuitenkin hyppylajit ja aitajuoksu -ryhm\u00e4n HR suhteessa verrokkiryhm\u00e4\u00e4n oli 0.47 (95 % CI 0.24 - 0.93, p=0.029). Lis\u00e4ksi alkoholisairauksien riski oli suurempi sek\u00e4 yksil\u00f6kontaktilajiurheilijoilla ett\u00e4 painonnostajilla verrattuna kest\u00e4vyysurheilijoihin tai hypp\u00e4\u00e4jiin ja aitajuoksijoihin (p<0.05). Vuoden 1985 kyselytutkimuksen mukaan entiset huippu-urheilijat k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t alkoholia (417 g/kk; 95 % CI 386 - 447) enemm\u00e4n kuin verrokit (398 g/kk; 95 % CI 355 - 441) (p<0.05), mutta verrokkien ja eri lajiryhmien v\u00e4lisess\u00e4 vertailussa havaittiin kest\u00e4vyysurheilijoiden k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4n alkoholia verrokkeja v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n (p<0.05). Joukkueurheilijat k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t enemm\u00e4n alkoholia (p<0.05), erityisesti olutta (p<0.01), muihin urheilijaryhmiin ja verrokkeihin verrattuna. Aktiivisen kilpauran j\u00e4lkeen kuntoliikunnan lopettaneet ja s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisesti tupakoivat k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t eniten alkoholia (p<0.05).\r\n\r\nJohtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kset: Vaikka entiset huippu-urheilijat raportoivat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4ns\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n alkoholia kuin verrokit, alkoholisairauksien riski ei eronnut tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti entisten huippu-urheilijoiden ja verrokkien v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Alkoholisairauksien riski ja alkoholink\u00e4ytt\u00f6 vaihtelivat eri lajiryhmiss\u00e4, yksil\u00f6kontaktilajiurheilijat k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t enemm\u00e4n alkoholia ja vastaavasti heid\u00e4n alkoholisairauksien riskins\u00e4 oli suurempi kuin kest\u00e4vyysurheilijoilla, jotka k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n alkoholia. On t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 huomioida, ett\u00e4 alkoholinkulutus saattaa lis\u00e4\u00e4nty\u00e4 aktiivisen urheilu-uran p\u00e4\u00e4ttymisen j\u00e4lkeen, erityisesti niill\u00e4 yksil\u00f6ill\u00e4, jotka eiv\u00e4t harrasta vapaa-ajan liikuntaa tai ole muuten fyysisesti aktiivisia.\r\n\r\nAsiasanat: addiktio, alkoholi, fyysinen aktiivisuus, ICD, kohorttitutkimus, krooninen sairaus, urheilija(t).", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kontro, T. 2016. Alcohol consumption and the risk of alcohol-related morbidity in former Finnish elite athletes. Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Master\u2019s thesis, 69 pp., 7 appendices.\r\n\r\nBackground: The harmful use of alcohol is a global issue. There is a lot of discussion but less scientific data on the use of alcohol among former athletes. This Finnish cohort study investigated how former elite level sports career was associated with the use of alcohol and risk of alcohol-related diseases in later life. Second objective was to study if there were dif-ferences between different types of sports. It was also further investigated if different factors, such as engagement to competition or leisure-time sports and smoking status, were associated with alcohol consumption among former athletes after their active athletic career.\r\n\r\nMethods: Finnish former athletes (n=2202) and matched controls (n=1403), who were alive when the register-based follow-up started in Jan. 1, 1970 were followed until Dec. 31, 2008. Occurrence of alcohol-related diseases (Hospital Discharge Register) was based on registers covering all Finns. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 and Stata 14.0 soft-wares. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Descriptive data were ana-lyzed using frequencies, percentages, median and range, mean and 95 % CI, standard devia-tion, crosstabs and \u03c7\u00b2 -test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate age-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for alcohol-related diseases between former athletes and con-trols. In 1985 cohort members answered a questionnaire including items on alcohol consump-tion (converted to g/month) and physical activity (converted to MET-hours/week), engage-ment in competition or leisure-time sports and smoking status, and data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U- and Kruskal-Wallis-tests.\r\n\r\nResults: There was no significant difference in the risk of any alcohol-related diseases be-tween all former athletes and controls, HR 0.88 (95 % CI 0.68 - 1.14, p=0.344). However, there was higher risk in controls than in jumpers & hurdlers, HR 0.47 (95 % CI 0.24 - 0.93, p=0.029). Furthermore, the risk was higher among both combat sports athletes and weightlifters compared with endurance sports athletes or jumpers & hurdlers (p<0.05). In 1985 athletes consumed more alcohol (417 g/month; 95 % CI 386 - 447) than controls (398 g/month; 95 % CI 355 - 441) (p<0.05), but the consumption was lower among endurance sports athletes than controls (p<0.05). Team sports athletes consumed significantly more alcohol (p<0.05), especially beer (p<0.01), compared with other athletes and controls. Athletes who were not engaged in leisure-time sports after active sports career consumed more alcohol than those who were engaged in leisure-time sports or other physical activities (p<0.05). Finally, current smokers consumed more alcohol than never or ex-smokers (p<0.05).\r\n\r\nConclusions: Although overall former athletes reported higher alcohol consumption than controls, there was no difference in the risk of alcohol-related diseases between former athletes and controls. The risk varied between different sports groups, combat sports athletes consumed more alcohol and the risk was higher than in endurance sports athletes who used significantly less alcohol. It is noteworthy that the risk of excessive alcohol consumption may increase after competition sports career in individuals who do not continue leisure-time sports after elite sports career.\r\n\r\nKey words: addiction, alcohol, chronic disease, cohort study, former athlete(s), ICD, physical activity.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Titta Kontro (tikakont) on 2016-04-25 19:02:50.986325. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). 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"value": "alkoholi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "fyysinen aktiivisuus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ICD", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kohorttitutkimus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "krooninen sairaus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "urheilija(t)", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Entisten suomalaisten huippu-urheilijoiden alkoholink\u00e4ytt\u00f6 ja alkoholisairauksien riski", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master 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"dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "This material has a restricted access due to copyright reasons. It can be read at the workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library reserved for the use of archival materials: https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities.", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Aineistoon p\u00e4\u00e4sy\u00e4 on rajoitettu tekij\u00e4noikeussyist\u00e4. Aineisto on luettavissa Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6asemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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