Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of hormonal contraceptive use on neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and body composition adaptations following combined strength and endurance training period. Methods. Nineteen recreationally active women; 11 who had at least one year of hor...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Myllyaho, Moona
Other Authors: Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Liikuntabiologian laitos, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän yliopisto
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49291
_version_ 1828193104090365952
author Myllyaho, Moona
author2 Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikuntabiologian laitos Department of Biology of Physical Activity University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_facet Myllyaho, Moona Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikuntabiologian laitos Department of Biology of Physical Activity University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto Myllyaho, Moona Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikuntabiologian laitos Department of Biology of Physical Activity University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_sort Myllyaho, Moona
datasource_str_mv jyx
description The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of hormonal contraceptive use on neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and body composition adaptations following combined strength and endurance training period. Methods. Nineteen recreationally active women; 11 who had at least one year of hormonal contraceptive use (age 294 yr; BMI 212 kg/m2; VO2max 444 ml/kg/min) and 8 who had never used hormonal contraceptives (age 315 yr; BMI 222 kg/m2; VO2max 414 ml/kg/min) participated in the present study of combined strength and endurance training for 10 weeks. Training consisted of two maximal and explosive strength training sessions, and two high-intensity interval training sessions per week. Serum basal hormone levels, maximal bilateral isometric strength, maximal unilateral isometric knee extension and flexion, maximal bilateral dynamic leg press (1RM), counter movement jump (CMJ), upper body isometric strength, dynamic muscle endurance, a 3000 m running test and an incremental maximal running test were measured prior to the intervention and after the 10 weeks training period. Results. There were no statistically significant differences between groups’ improvements in any measured strength, endurance or body composition variables. The hormonal contraception users (HC) significantly improved their performance in maximal isometric leg press (14±15%, p<0.05), isometric knee flexion (11±14%, p<0.05), isometric bench press (9±7%, p<0.001), dynamic leg press (10±5% p<0.001), countermovement jump (6±7%, p<0.01), push-ups (14±16%, p<0.05) and sit-ups (22±25%, p<0.05). The non-users (NHC) had significant improvements in isometric leg press (6±6%, p<0.05), isometric knee extension (9±11%, p<0.05), dynamic leg press (7±4%, p<0.01), countermovement jump (11±6%, p<0.001), push-ups (20±17%, p<0.05) and sit-ups (13±11%, p<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) remained unchanged in both groups. In the 3000 m time trial the HC group decreased their running time by 2±4% (p=0.162) and the NHC group by 3±2% (p<0.05). The improvement in time trial was significant only within the NHC group, however, there was not a significant difference between groups’ improvements (p=0.559). There were no statistically significant differences between groups’ improvements in body composition, however, a trend for greater increase in fat free mass was observed in NHC than in HC women (p=0.065). The HC group increased fat free mass by 11% (p<0.05) and the NHC group by 21% (p<0.001). Total fat was reduced in the HC group by 510% (p=0.158) and in the NHC group by 56% (p<0.05). Summary and conclusions. High-intensity combined strength and endurance training resulted in significant improvements in neuromuscular performance and fat free mass in both groups. In addition, there were significant improvements in 3000 m running performance and decreases in total body fat within the NHC group. These findings suggest that combined strength and endurance training is a useful method for improving physical fitness and health in recreationally active women, and hormonal contraception use does not appear to impair the physical performance or body composition.
first_indexed 2023-03-22T09:59:57Z
format Pro gradu
free_online_boolean 1
fullrecord [{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, Heikki", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Taipale, Ritva", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kainulainen, Heikki", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Myllyaho, Moona", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-04-09T11:55:55Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-04-09T11:55:55Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1525399", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49291", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of hormonal contraceptive use on neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and body composition adaptations following combined strength and endurance training period.\nMethods. Nineteen recreationally active women; 11 who had at least one year of hormonal contraceptive use (age 29\uf0b14 yr; BMI 21\uf0b12 kg/m2; VO2max 44\uf0b14 ml/kg/min) and 8 who had never used hormonal contraceptives (age 31\uf0b15 yr; BMI 22\uf0b12 kg/m2; VO2max 41\uf0b14 ml/kg/min) participated in the present study of combined strength and endurance training for 10 weeks. Training consisted of two maximal and explosive strength training sessions, and two high-intensity interval training sessions per week. Serum basal hormone levels, maximal bilateral isometric strength, maximal unilateral isometric knee extension and flexion, maximal bilateral dynamic leg press (1RM), counter movement jump (CMJ), upper body isometric strength, dynamic muscle endurance, a 3000 m running test and an incremental maximal running test were measured prior to the intervention and after the 10 weeks training period.\nResults. There were no statistically significant differences between groups\u2019 improvements in any measured strength, endurance or body composition variables. The hormonal contraception users (HC) significantly improved their performance in maximal isometric leg press (14\u00b115%, p<0.05), isometric knee flexion (11\u00b114%, p<0.05), isometric bench press (9\u00b17%, p<0.001), dynamic leg press (10\u00b15% p<0.001), countermovement jump (6\u00b17%, p<0.01), push-ups (14\u00b116%, p<0.05) and sit-ups (22\u00b125%, p<0.05). The non-users (NHC) had significant improvements in isometric leg press (6\u00b16%, p<0.05), isometric knee extension (9\u00b111%, p<0.05), dynamic leg press (7\u00b14%, p<0.01), countermovement jump (11\u00b16%, p<0.001), push-ups (20\u00b117%, p<0.05) and sit-ups (13\u00b111%, p<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) remained unchanged in both groups. In the 3000 m time trial the HC group decreased their running time by 2\u00b14% (p=0.162) and the NHC group by 3\u00b12% (p<0.05). The improvement in time trial was significant only within the NHC group, however, there was not a significant difference between groups\u2019 improvements (p=0.559). There were no statistically significant differences between groups\u2019 improvements in body composition, however, a trend for greater increase in fat free mass was observed in NHC than in HC women (p=0.065). The HC group increased fat free mass by 1\uf0b11% (p<0.05) and the NHC group by 2\uf0b11% (p<0.001). Total fat was reduced in the HC group by 5\uf0b110% (p=0.158) and in the NHC group by 5\uf0b16% (p<0.05).\nSummary and conclusions. High-intensity combined strength and endurance training resulted in significant improvements in neuromuscular performance and fat free mass in both groups. In addition, there were significant improvements in 3000 m running performance and decreases in total body fat within the NHC group. These findings suggest that combined strength and endurance training is a useful method for improving physical fitness and health in recreationally active women, and hormonal contraception use does not appear to impair the physical performance or body composition.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Moona Myllyaho (momamyll) on 2016-04-09 11:55:53.347845. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-04-09T11:55:55Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201604092035.pdf: 1265335 bytes, checksum: 39fd35ecc89baae468ea39d5ad9d1b8b (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4836 bytes, checksum: 9c80bf98376db888544dbf01b09fd79a (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-09T11:55:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201604092035.pdf: 1265335 bytes, checksum: 39fd35ecc89baae468ea39d5ad9d1b8b (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4836 bytes, checksum: 9c80bf98376db888544dbf01b09fd79a (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (79 s.)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "hormonal contraceptives", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "combined strength and endurance training", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "physical performance", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "body composition", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "hormonal adaptations", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201604092035", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikuntabiologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biology of Physical Activity", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Liikuntafysiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Exercise Physiology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2016-04-09T11:55:56Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5011", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "suorituskyky", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kehonkoostumus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hormonaaliset tekij\u00e4t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "voimaharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
id jyx.123456789_49291
language eng
last_indexed 2025-03-31T20:02:23Z
main_date 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
main_date_str 2016
online_boolean 1
online_urls_str_mv {"url":"https:\/\/jyx.jyu.fi\/bitstreams\/948b1139-29bb-42f2-886c-3db34e28192c\/download","text":"URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201604092035.pdf","source":"jyx","mediaType":"application\/pdf"}
publishDate 2016
record_format qdc
source_str_mv jyx
spellingShingle Myllyaho, Moona Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition hormonal contraceptives combined strength and endurance training physical performance body composition hormonal adaptations Liikuntafysiologia Exercise Physiology 5011 suorituskyky kehonkoostumus hormonaaliset tekijät voimaharjoittelu kestävyysharjoittelu
title Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition
title_full Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition
title_fullStr Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition
title_full_unstemmed Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition
title_short Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition
title_sort effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition
title_txtP Effects of hormonal contraceptives on physical performance and body composition
topic hormonal contraceptives combined strength and endurance training physical performance body composition hormonal adaptations Liikuntafysiologia Exercise Physiology 5011 suorituskyky kehonkoostumus hormonaaliset tekijät voimaharjoittelu kestävyysharjoittelu
topic_facet 5011 Exercise Physiology Liikuntafysiologia body composition combined strength and endurance training hormonaaliset tekijät hormonal adaptations hormonal contraceptives kehonkoostumus kestävyysharjoittelu physical performance suorituskyky voimaharjoittelu
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49291 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201604092035
work_keys_str_mv AT myllyahomoona effectsofhormonalcontraceptivesonphysicalperformanceandbodycomposition