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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Rissanen, Kari.", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lappalainen, Timo.", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Ketola, Annika", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-03-18T13:00:24Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-03-18T13:00:24Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1524737", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49115", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 Pro gradu tutkielmassa perehdyttiin surfaktanttien m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4miseen paperi- ja kar-tonkitehtaiden teollisuusvesist\u00e4 erilaisilla m\u00e4\u00e4ritysmenetelmill\u00e4. Ty\u00f6 koostuu kirjallisesta ja kokeellisesta osasta. Kirjallisuusosuudessa keskityttiin erilaisiin surfaktantteihin ja niiden m\u00e4\u00e4ritystekniikoihin, mukaan lukien kromatografiset, spektrofotometriset sek\u00e4 titrimetriset tekniikat. P\u00e4\u00e4huomio on kohdennettu surfaktanttipitoisten vesin\u00e4ytteiden analysointiin nestekromatografisilla menetelmill\u00e4. Lis\u00e4ksi kirjallisuusosuudessa on k\u00e4si-telty lyhyesti uusi paperinvalmistus-tekniikka, vaahtorainaus sek\u00e4 kuvattu tavalliset paperi- ja kartonkitehtaiden vesikiertosysteemit. M\u00e4\u00e4ritysmenetelmien lis\u00e4ksi kirjalli-suusosiossa on esitelty surfaktanttien eliminointimenetelm\u00e4t j\u00e4tevesist\u00e4 sek\u00e4 koottu kat-saus paperiteollisuusvesien vaahtoutuvuustaipumuksista ja vaahdon k\u00e4sittelymenetel-mist\u00e4.\nPro gradu tutkielman kokeellinen osuus koostuu kolmesta aihealueesta. Ensimm\u00e4inen osa k\u00e4sittelee SDS:n m\u00e4\u00e4rityst\u00e4 kahdella eri analyysimenetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4. Menetelm\u00e4t ovat nesteuutto-spektrofotometria ja korkean-erotuskyvyn k\u00e4\u00e4nteisfaasinestekromatografia (HPLC-RP) yhdistettyn\u00e4 s\u00e4hk\u00f6njohtokyky detektoriin (ECD). Osiossa selvitettiin mo-lempia menetelmi\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en, kuinka suolat (NaCl, CaCl2, FeSO4) ja retentioaineet (c-Pam ja mikropartikkeli) vaikuttavat kraft-viiraveden SDS pitoisuuteen ja eri menetel-mill\u00e4 saatuja tuloksia verrattiin kesken\u00e4\u00e4n.\nTutkimuksessa havaittiin, ett\u00e4 HPLC-RP menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 ja nesteuutto menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 saa-dut tulokset erosivat merkitsev\u00e4sti toisistaan. Nesteuutto menetelm\u00e4n mukaan kraft-viiraveden sis\u00e4lt\u00e4m\u00e4t hiukkaset, suolat ja retentioaineet vaikuttivat hyvin v\u00e4h\u00e4isesti n\u00e4ytteist\u00e4 mitattuihin SDS pitoisuuksiin. HPLC-RP taas osoitti, ett\u00e4 kraft-viiravesi, CaCl2 ja FeSO4 vaikuttavat merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti ko. menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritettyyn SDS-pitoisuuteen. NaCl:lla ei ollut HPLC-RP mittausten mukaan merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 vaikutusta n\u00e4ytteiden SDS pitoisuuteen. Suolan\u00e4ytteet k\u00e4siteltiin kiinte\u00e4-nesteuutolla ennen HPLC-RP analyysi\u00e4, sill\u00e4 suolat h\u00e4iritsiv\u00e4t mittausta. HPLC-UV menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 onnistut-tiin m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6s amfoteerisen surfaktantin (Miranol Ultra) pitoisuus kraft-viiravesin\u00e4ytteist\u00e4. \nKokeellisen ty\u00f6n toisessa osassa kehitettiin nopeutettu laboratoriomittakaavan mittaus-systeemi surfaktanttipitoisten vesin\u00e4ytteiden vaahtoutuvuuden analysointiin ilmastuksen avulla. Tehtyjen mittausten mukaan alle 100 ppm SDS surfaktanttia sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t j\u00e4tevedet eiv\u00e4t vaahtoa ilmastusm\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ll\u00e4 0,6 L/min. \nSaostustestit olivat kokeellisen ty\u00f6n kolmas osio. Saostuskokeiden tarkoituksena oli tutkia SDS-surfaktantin saostamista puhtaista vesi- sek\u00e4 viiravesi-n\u00e4ytteist\u00e4 trivalentis-ten kationien (Al3+ and Fe3+) avulla sek\u00e4 tutkia saostuskemikaalien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n ja n\u00e4ytteiden pH:n vaikutusta SDS:n saostustehokkuuteen. Ionivaihdetulla vedell\u00e4 tehdyt kokeet osoittivat, ett\u00e4 molemmat saostuskemikaalit, rautasulfaatti (PIX-105) sek\u00e4 polyalumii-nikloridi (PAX-14), saostavat SDS-surfaktanttia. PAX-14 oli tehokkain, saostaen noin 90 % mitatusta SDS pitoisuudesta jo 400 \u00b5l:n annoksella. PIX-105 saosti noin 60 % SDS pitoisuudesta 1000 \u00b5l:n annoksella. Saostustehokkuuden todettiin olevan pH riip-puvainen. Optimaalinen pH PIX-105 (1000 \u00b5l) saostuskemikaalille oli noin 3 ja opti-maalinen pH-alue PAX-14 (400 \u00b5l) saostuskemikaalille oli 4,4 \u2013 5.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "For this thesis, a study of determination methods of surfactants in industrial waters of paper- and board mills was performed. The thesis is divided into two parts. Firstly, the literature part considers different surfactants in general and their determination tech-niques, including chromatographic, spectrometric and titration techniques. The main focus is on the surfactant determination in environmental- and wastewater samples with liquid chromatographic methods. Also the foam forming process, a new paper making technique, and the basic water circulation systems in paper and board mills are covered briefly. This thesis provides a compact collage of the present-day situation of surfactant determination and removal methods, and foaming tendency of paper industry waters and foam managing. \nSecondly, the experimental part of this thesis is composed of three themed parts. The first part deals with the determination of SDS using two different determination meth-ods; solvent extraction spectrophotometry and high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC-RP), combined with electrical conductivity detection (ECD). The effects of salts (NaCl, CaCl2, FeSO4) and retention aids (c-Pam and microparticle) on the SDS content of kraft white water were examined with RP-ECD and SES-method and the results were compared to see if there are any significant differences. \nResults from HPLC-RP analysis method and solvent extraction method differed signifi-cantly. According to SES analysis, kraft white water particles, salts or retention aids have quite a small effect on the measured SDS content of the samples. The HPLC-RP showed that for kraft white water, CaCl2 and FeSO4 affect the measured SDS content significantly, but NaCl did not have an effect on SDS concentration. Solid phase extrac-tion needed to be used as a pre-treatment method for salt samples since the salts inter-fered with the HPLC-RP method. The HPLC-UV (ultraviolet detection) tests of Miranol Ultra (an amphoteric surfactant) were also carried out, including calibration curves, and the effect of salts was successfully determined. \nThe second part of the experimental work focused on the development of laboratory scale measurement system for the analysis of foaming tendency of SDS containing wastewaters during aeration. A quick and simple examination test of the foaming be-haviour of different water samples with different surfactants and additives was achieved. According to the results, wastewaters containing <100 ppm of SDS do not generate foam with air flow rate of 0.6 L/min. \nFlocculation tests were the third part of the experimental work in this study. The aim of the flocculation tests was the examination of precipitation of SDS from pure- and white water samples using trivalent cations Al3+ and Fe3+ as coagulants, and study the effects of coagulant dosage and pH on the precipitation efficiency of SDS. Experiments per-formed with deionized water showed that both coagulants, ferric sulfate (PIX-105, Kemira) and polyaluminum chloride (PAX-14, Kemira), can precipitate SDS. Polyalu-minum chloride was more effective: 400 \u00b5l dosage of PAX-14 yielded ~ 90 % removal efficiency of SDS and 1000 \u00b5l dosage of PIX-150 yielded ~ 60 % removal efficiency of SDS. Precipitation efficiency was also found to be pH dependent. The optimal pH value for 1000 \u00b5l dose of PIX-105 was about 3 and the optimal pH range for 400 \u00b5l dose of PAX-14 was from 4.4 to 5.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Annika Ketola (anelketo) on 2016-03-18 13:00:23.780851. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-03-18T13:00:24Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201603181887.pdf: 3010230 bytes, checksum: a8d190f89721747054cecf76e53ee4a8 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4831 bytes, checksum: f0e142564d81e760d61d28c95876d216 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-18T13:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201603181887.pdf: 3010230 bytes, checksum: a8d190f89721747054cecf76e53ee4a8 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4831 bytes, checksum: f0e142564d81e760d61d28c95876d216 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (213 s.)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "sufraktantti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Determination of surfactants in industrial waters of paper- and board mills", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201603181887", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master's thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kemian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Orgaaninen kemia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Organic Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2016-03-18T13:00:25Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "business", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "6000", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.initiative", "value": "student", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "initiative", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4035", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "m\u00e4\u00e4ritys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "paperiteollisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kromatografia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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