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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Wikgren, Jan", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Heimonen, Joona", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Teivaanm\u00e4ki, Sini", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-03-02T10:25:49Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-03-02T10:25:49Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2015", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1523715", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/48995", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Transkraniaalinen tasavirta\u00e4rsytys (tDCS) on viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana saanut osakseen enenev\u00e4\u00e4 kiinnostusta ja tutkimusta. tDCS on osoittautunut potentiaaliseksi menetelm\u00e4ksi erilaisten kliinisten h\u00e4iri\u00f6iden hoidossa, ja sen vaikutusta useisiin kognitiivisiin toimintoihin on my\u00f6s tutkittu. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkielmassa oli tavoitteena selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 tDCS:n vaikutusta assosiatiiviseen oppimiseen j\u00e4lki- ja erottelu -silm\u00e4niskuehdollistumiskokeissa. Oletimme vasemmalle dorsolateraaliselle etuaivokuorelle (dlPFC) kohdistetun anodaalisen tasavirta\u00e4rsytyksen tehostavan oppimista kummassakin teht\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4. Molemmissa koeasetelmissa tutkittavat saivat stimulaatiota joko 10 minuutin ajan kokeen alusta l\u00e4htien, tai vaihtoehtoisesti he kuuluivat kontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n, jossa he altistuivat stimulaatiolle vain 30 sekunnin ajaksi, mink\u00e4 j\u00e4lkeen se vaimeni pois. J\u00e4lkiehdollistumiskokeessa ehdollisena \u00e4rsykkeen\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin siniaaltoa, jota seurasi 600 millisekunnin p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 ehdottomana \u00e4rsykkeen\u00e4 toimiva, vasempaan silm\u00e4kulmaan kohdistuva ilmapuhallus. Erotteluoppimiskokeessa koeasetelmaa muutettiin siten, ett\u00e4 tutkittavat katselivat n\u00e4yt\u00f6lt\u00e4 punaisia ja vihreit\u00e4 neli\u00f6it\u00e4, joiden v\u00e4ri ennusti ehdotonta \u00e4rsykett\u00e4 niin, ett\u00e4 vihre\u00e4\u00e4 neli\u00f6t\u00e4 seurasi ilmapuhallus, kun taas punaisen neli\u00f6n j\u00e4lkeen sit\u00e4 ei tullut. Anodaalisen tDCS:n havaittiin parantavan oppimista ja ehdollistuneen vasteen kehittymist\u00e4 j\u00e4lkiehdollistumiskokeessa kolmen ensimm\u00e4isen blokin aikana, kun taas toisessa kokeessa stimulaatiolla ei ollut merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 vaikutusta erotteluoppimiseen. Vaikka efekti erottelukokeessa ei ylt\u00e4nyt merkitsev\u00e4ksi, havaitsimme kuitenkin stimulaation jossain m\u00e4\u00e4rin heikent\u00e4v\u00e4n erotteluoppimista verrattuna kontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n, ja t\u00e4m\u00e4 ilmi\u00f6 tuli erityisesti n\u00e4kyviin heikentyv\u00e4n\u00e4 ehdollistuneen vasteen kehittymisen\u00e4 CS+ trialeissa. N\u00e4m\u00e4 tulokset tukevat n\u00e4kemyst\u00e4 siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 tDCS:n vaikutus kognitioon on pelk\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n ehdollistumisoppisenkin sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 vaihtelevaa, ja lis\u00e4tutkimusta kaivataan selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n stimulaation ja kognition v\u00e4list\u00e4 suhdetta ennen kuin tDCS:\u00e4\u00e4 voidaan turvallisesti ja luotettavasti hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 kognition tehostamiseen erilaisissa sovellustarkoituksissa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation method that has gained wide interest during the past decade. In addition to treating clinical conditions, it has also been used to modulate various forms of cognition. In this thesis, we explored the effect of tDCS on human associative learning in trace and discrimination eyeblink conditioning tasks. We hypothesized that anodal tDCS targeted at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), with cathode placed on the right supraorbital area, would enhance learning in both tasks. In both experiments, participants received either active stimulation for 10 minutes from the beginning of the experiment or sham stimulation lasting for 30 seconds and then fading out. In the trace experiment, a sin wave tone, used as a conditioned stimulus, was followed by an unconditioned stimulus, an air puff, after a 600 ms gap. In the discrimination task, the experiment design was altered to include red or green squares on a display, used as occasion setters to predict the presence or absence of the following unconditioned stimulus, that is, whether the CS was reinforced or not. Anodal tDCS was found to enhance CR acquisition in the trace eyeblink conditioning task during the first 3 blocks, whereas in the second experiment stimulation did not have a significant effect on discriminative learning. However, a trend towards anodal stimulation disrupting discriminative learning was observed, and this effect was mainly due to decreased responding in CS+ trials as compared to the sham group. Overall, these findings suggest that the effects of tDCS on cognition, even within a rather narrow area of eyeblink conditional learning, are highly variable and that further research is needed to clarify the interaction between cognition and stimulation before tDCS can be safely and effectively applied to enhance cognition for clinical or general purposes.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Miia Hakanen (mihakane) on 2016-03-02 10:25:48.634107. Form: Admin-lomake opinn\u00e4ytteiden julkaisuun (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/admin-lomake-opinnaytteet). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =False]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-03-02T10:25:48Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201603021749.pdf: 574037 bytes, checksum: 00d2a2531dccbd71c0a5c70e75c16957 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T10:25:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201603021749.pdf: 574037 bytes, checksum: 00d2a2531dccbd71c0a5c70e75c16957 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2015", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (34 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "transkraniaalinen tasavirta\u00e4rsytys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "silm\u00e4niskuehdollistuminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "neuromodulaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "dorsolateraalinen etuaivokuori", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effect of transcranial direct-current stimulation on human trace and discrimination eyeblink conditioning", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201603021749", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Social Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Psykologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psykologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2016-03-02T10:25:49Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "202", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "aivokuori", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ehdollistuminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Aineistoon p\u00e4\u00e4sy\u00e4 on rajoitettu tekij\u00e4noikeussyist\u00e4. 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