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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Gould, Jeremy", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kaparaju, Prasad", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Minoia, Paola (Helsingin Yliopisto)", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Tuhkanen, Tuula", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, Marinka", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-01-26T10:29:45Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-01-26T10:29:45Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2015", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1521499", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/48467", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kehitysmaissa maalaisyhteis\u00f6jen ihmisten vedensaantiin vaikuttavat monet toisiinsa kietoutuneet tekij\u00e4t: veden kiertokulun ominaisuudet ja veden saatavuus; vesi-infrastruktuurin tekninen, taloudellinen ja hallinnollinen organisoituminen; sek\u00e4 veden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 ymp\u00e4r\u00f6iv\u00e4 sosiaalinen normisto, joka m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4\u00e4 paitsi virallisia my\u00f6s ep\u00e4virallisia veden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n liittyvi\u00e4 oikeuksia ja vastuita. \r\n\r\nN\u00e4m\u00e4 historian kulussa muovautuneet vedenhallinnan muodot ovat sidoksissa my\u00f6s valtion poliittiseen taloustilanteeseen ja sen kehitykseen. Keniassa kansallisen k\u00f6yhyydenv\u00e4hent\u00e4misstrategian m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4m\u00e4t (uusliberalistiset) vesisektorin uudistukset, jotka k\u00e4ynnistyiv\u00e4t 2002 vesilain astuttua voimaan, muuttivat sektorin institutionaalisen viitekehyksen ja muun muassa kaupallistivat vedenjakelun. \r\n\r\nT\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa analysoitiin Kenian vesireformin diskurssien ja k\u00e4yt\u00e4nt\u00f6jen sis\u00e4lt\u00e4mi\u00e4 ajattelumalleja sek\u00e4 niiden k\u00e4yt\u00e4nt\u00f6\u00f6npanoa ja vaikutuksia Kaakkois-Keniassa sijaitsevien Taita-vuorten \u2019vesimaisemassa\u2019 erityisesti oikeudenmukaisuuden n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta nojaten poliittisen ekonomian ja poliittisen ekologian teoreettisiin viitekehyksiin. Tutkimuksen keskeisen\u00e4 metodologiana k\u00e4ytettiin etnografista tutkimusotetta. Tutkimusainesto koostui keskeisist\u00e4 Kenian vesireformiin liittyvist\u00e4 laeista, s\u00e4\u00e4d\u00f6ksist\u00e4 ja strategioista; kentt\u00e4tutkimuksen aikana ker\u00e4tyist\u00e4 Taita-vuorten vesimaisemaan liittyvist\u00e4 historiallisista dokumenteista sek\u00e4 alueen t\u00e4rkeimpien vesihallinnosta vastaavien asiantuntijoiden, toimijoiden, paikallisten erityisryhmien ja kotitalouksien kanssa toteutetuista haastatteluista. \r\n\r\nTulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 uudet vesireformin institutionaaliset j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t ja k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6t perustuvat uuss\u00e4\u00e4ntelyn- ja uusinstitutionalistisen talousteorioiden ajattelumalleihin. N\u00e4iden ajattelumallien keskeisen\u00e4 logiikkana on, ett\u00e4 paras ja tehokkain hyvinvoinnin (ja t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tapauksessa veden) jakautuminen saadaan aikaan, kun muutoin kysynn\u00e4n ja tarjonnan mukaan toimivia (vesi) markkinoita s\u00e4\u00e4nnell\u00e4\u00e4n kilpailun, hinnoittelun ja kysynn\u00e4n mukaisesti. Toisin sanoen, s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyn avulla luodaan oikeudenmukaisesti toimivat markkinat. Oikeudenmukaisuus toteutuu, kun markkinoita korjataan osallistamalla ihmisi\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksentekoon sek\u00e4 kohdentamalla mahdollisia tukia tarkkaan vain niit\u00e4 oikeasti tarvitseville. \r\n\r\nVaikka vesireformin uudistukset olivat vain osittain v\u00e4littyneet osaksi paikallisia k\u00e4yt\u00e4nteit\u00e4 ja ajattelumalleja, uudistusten oikeudenmukaisuusk\u00e4sitykset ja k\u00e4yt\u00e4nteet vedenjakelun suhteen n\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyiv\u00e4t kuitenkin Taita-vuorten vesimaisemassa. K\u00f6yhien asukkaiden vedensaanti asukaskeskittymiss\u00e4 oli osittain parantunut vesireformin k\u00e4yt\u00e4nteiden ja k\u00f6yhille kohdennettujen erityistoimenpiteiden ansiosta. Vedenjakelun perustaminen marginaalialueille oli kuitenkin edelleen haastaavaa muun muassa siksi, ett\u00e4 vesi-infrastruktuurin laajentamista m\u00e4\u00e4rittiv\u00e4t ensisijaisesti yksityiset maaoikeudet, yksil\u00f6iden tai ryhmien v\u00e4linen kilpailu p\u00e4\u00e4omasta, alueen alhainen tulotaso sek\u00e4 kustannustehokkuus. Vaikka lain mukaan juomavedenjakelu kuuluikin julkisen sektorin piiriin ja sen tuli vastata ensisijaisesti ihmisten perustarpeisiin, periaatetta oli vaikeaa toteuttaa k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4, sill\u00e4 uudistukset j\u00e4ttiv\u00e4t huomiotta rakenteelliset seikat, kuten historiasta periytyneet maaoikeuskiistat, sek\u00e4 alueellisen ja rakenteellisen k\u00f6yhyyden. N\u00e4in ollen varakkaat yksityishenkil\u00f6t turvattuine maaoikeuksineen ja p\u00e4\u00e4omineen sek\u00e4 paikallisryhm\u00e4t poliittisine kytk\u00f6ksineen s\u00e4ilyttiv\u00e4t k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4 etuoikeutensa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 vesivaroja ja perustaa vedenjakeluj\u00e4rjestelmi\u00e4; osittain my\u00f6s julkisen juomavedenjakelun kehitt\u00e4misen kustannuksella. \r\n\r\nKehityspolitiikan n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 yksiulotteisiin malleihin perustuvat lakimuutokset ja strategiat eiv\u00e4t riit\u00e4 vedenjakelun parantamisen kaltaisten laajojen ongelmien ratkaisuiksi, vaan tarvitaan tilaa my\u00f6s avoimemmalle, kotoper\u00e4iselle oppimiselle, jonka on mahdollista muuttaa ep\u00e4oikeudenmukaisiakin yhteiskunnan rakenteita.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Access to water by rural communities in the developing countries is shaped by various intertwined factors, including physical characteristics of the water cycle i.e. water availability; technical, financial and organizational means of establishing and managing water infrastructures; the social organization around water i.e. the formal and informal regulations and laws regarding water rights and responsibilities thereof. These historically embedded dimensions of water control are further shaped by the political economy of the state and its development. In Kenya, the (neoliberal) water policy reforms embedded in the Poverty Reduction Strategy and launched by the Water Act 2002, have commercialized water services and changed the sector institutional framework. Through a broad theoretical framework of political economy and ecology the study analyzed the styles of reasoning embedded in the discourses and practices of the reform and its translation into the waterscape of Taita Hills, South-East Kenya, including the intended and unintended effects with regard to distribution and participation dimensions of water justice. The study used ethnographic methods and included a document analysis of the key Kenyan water policy reform documents, and an extensive fieldwork during which historical documents on the waterscape of Taita Hills were collected and interviews with households and key actors in water governance were carried out. \r\n\r\nThe results indicate that the new institutional arrangements and reform styles of reasoning are based in new economics of regulation and neo-institutional economics that programmed the regulation of the water sector in microeconomic terms. The reforms were only partially translated in the Taita Hills with intended and unintended effects regarding distribution of water and participation. While the reform contributed to improved access to water by poorer residents, it did not enable the redistribution of water to most marginalized areas due to its demand based regulation and inadequate consideration of local politics. The wealthy part of the society with private land rights and capital remained thus \u2018entitled\u2019 to the local water resources; political patronage remained as means for the local groups to access capital for water development.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Marinka R\u00e4s\u00e4nen (mjleppan) on 2016-01-26 10:29:44.945237. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-01-26T10:29:45Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201601261283.pdf: 5367746 bytes, checksum: 1852ef238b74405d715256f2ed5feaf0 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4898 bytes, checksum: 753bb76a9d01b2d31787c6bb3d812a0c (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T10:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201601261283.pdf: 5367746 bytes, checksum: 1852ef238b74405d715256f2ed5feaf0 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4898 bytes, checksum: 753bb76a9d01b2d31787c6bb3d812a0c (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2015", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (132 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "vesireformi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Political economy and ecology of water control : dynamics of water policy reform and water justice in Taita Hills, South-Eastern Kenya", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title.alternative", "value": "Dynamics of water policy reform and water justice in Taita Hills, South-Eastern Kenya", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": "alternative", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201601261283", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": 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