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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Gilbert, Leona", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Puttaraksa, Kanoktip", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Karvonen, Kati", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2015-11-02T16:15:21Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2015-11-02T16:15:21Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2015", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1499040", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/47543", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Uutta tietoa ihmisen immuunij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4st\u00e4 ja sen toiminnasta ker\u00e4t\u00e4\u00e4n jatkuvasti. Synnynn\u00e4inen ja hankittu\nimmunij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 toimivat yhteisty\u00f6ss\u00e4 erilaisia patogeeneja vastaan. Dendriittisolut toimivat siltana \nsynnynn\u00e4isen ja hankitun vastustuskyvyn v\u00e4lill\u00e4 stimuloimalla T ja B lymfosyyttej\u00e4. Antigeenin esittely \nluokan II MHC molekyylin (eng. major histocompatibility complex) ja T solun reseptorin (TCR) v\u00e4lill\u00e4, sek\u00e4 \nerillisen reseptorin ja ligandin tai sytokiini -signaalin v\u00e4lityksell\u00e4, CD4+ T solut stimuloituvat ja erilaistuvat. \nErilaistuneita CD4+ T auttajasoluja (Th, eng. T helper cell) on eri alalajeja, jotka osallistuvat vaihtelevasti \nimmuunipuolustukseen, esimerkiksi suojana erilaisia viruksia vastaan. Ihmisen parvovirus B19 (B19V) \ninfektoi niin lapsia kuin aikuisiakin. Tartunta voi olla oireeton tai oireet voivat vaihdella flunssankaltaisesta \nvakavampiin tauteihin kuten parvorokkoon, nivelsairauksiin ja siki\u00f6n vesip\u00f6h\u00f6\u00f6n. B19V on my\u00f6s yhdistetty \nautoimmuunisairauksiin kuten nivelreumaan ja perhosreumaan (lupus). Patogeenisyyden mekanismeja \nB19V:een liittyviss\u00e4 autoimmuunisairauksissa ei ole kuitenkaan viel\u00e4 selvitetty. Kuitenkin tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n, ett\u00e4 \nviruksen ei-rakenteellinen proteiini 1 (NS1) aiheuttaa is\u00e4nt\u00e4solussa tuhoa ja jopa apoptoosia. NS1 proteiinin \nkyky\u00e4 laukaista immuunireaktio tarkkailtiin t\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kartoittaa T solujen ja \ndendriittisolujen kanssak\u00e4ymist\u00e4 B19V NS1 proteiinin aiheuttamien apoptoottisilla kappaleilla (ApoBodit)\nstimuloinnin j\u00e4lkeen. Hypoteesina oletettiin, ett\u00e4 NS1:n synnytt\u00e4m\u00e4t ApoBodit saavat aikaan \nimmuunireaktion, jossa erityisesti autoimmuniteettiin viittaavat Th1 ja Th17 solut erilaistuvat. \nSeitsenp\u00e4iv\u00e4inen kypsymisprotokolla perustettiin kaupalliselle dendriittisolulinjalle (MUTZ-3, sytokiini-\nriippuvainen ihmisen solulinja) ja kypsyminen viimeisteltiin 48 h kest\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 stimuloinnilla. T\u00e4m\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen \nstimuloituja MUTZ-3 soluja kasvatettiin yhdess\u00e4 T solujen kanssa 24 h, 72 h, ja 7 pv:n ajan.\nVirtaussytometriaa ja konfokaalimikroskopiaa k\u00e4ytettiin solunulkoisten merkkien tutkimiseen niin \nkypsytetyilt\u00e4 MUTZ-3 soluilta kuin yhteiskasvatetuilta T soluilta kolmesta eri aikapisteest\u00e4. CD83 toimi \nkypsien dendriittisolujen solunulkoisena leimana, kun taas kuutta erilaista T solujen alalajien merkki\u00e4 \nk\u00e4ytettiin T solujen v\u00e4rj\u00e4yksess\u00e4: CD8a, CD4, CD183 Th1 soluille, CD194 Th2 soluille, CD196 Th17 \nsoluille ja CD25 T s\u00e4\u00e4telij\u00e4soluille (Treg, eng. T regulatory cell). My\u00f6s sytokiinituotantoa tutkittiin 24 h ja \n72 h aikapisteilt\u00e4. Dendriittisolujen kypsymistulokset osoittivat >10 % kypsymist\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi \nyhteiskasvatetut T solut osoittivat erilaistumista kaikista tutkituista T alalajityypeist\u00e4, vaikkakin Th2 soluja \noli erilaistunut enemm\u00e4n kuin muita alalajeja (Th1, Th17 ja Treg) 72 h aikapisteest\u00e4 eteenp\u00e4in. 7 pv:\u00e4\u00e4n\nmenness\u00e4 Th1 ja Th17 solut olivat tasaisesti kasvaneet 2.5 % ja 1.5 % vastaavasti, kun taas Th2 ja Treg solut \nlis\u00e4\u00e4ntyiv\u00e4t 72 h aikapisteeseen asti mutta hupenivat 7 pv:n menness\u00e4. N\u00e4iden lis\u00e4ksi sytokiinianalyysi \nilmensi tulehdusta edist\u00e4vien ja hillitsevien sytokiinien tuotannon. Kuitenkaan kullekin T solujen alalajille \ntyypillisi\u00e4 sytokiinej\u00e4 ei tutkimuksessa havaittu. Tutkimuksen tuloksena voitiin kuitenkin todeta, ett\u00e4 NS1 \nindusoimat ApoBodit stimuloivat tulehdusreaktion, jossa erilaistui variaatio T solujen alalajeja. T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi \nhypoteesi todettiin paikkansa pit\u00e4v\u00e4ksi, sill\u00e4 Th1 ja Th17 soluja oli erilaistunut ja solujen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 kasvanut \nkokeen eri aikapisteiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. NS1 proteiinin aiheuttamia immuunireaktioita on kuitenkin tutkittava lis\u00e4\u00e4, \njotta B19V:een liittyvien autoimmuunisairauksien syntymisen mekanismit voidaan tunnistaa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "New information about the human immune system and its functions is constantly being gathered. \nThe innate and adaptive immunities work in coherence against various pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) \nbridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune systems by stimulating T and B lymphocytes. \nAntigen presentation between class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) and a T cell receptor, with \nan additional co-stimulation through receptor-ligand interaction or by a cytokine signal, stimulates CD4+ \nT cells to differentiate. A variety of differentiated CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are known to participate \ndifferently in diverse immune responses such as protection against viruses. For instance, human parvovirus \nB19 (B19V) infects children and adults alike. The symptoms vary from none to flu-like symptoms to more \nserious diseases such as erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), arthropathy and hydrops fetalis. Furthermore, \nB19V has been implicated in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus \nerythematosus. However, the exact mechanism of pathogenicity is yet unknown. Nonetheless, the non-\nstructural protein 1 (NS1) is known to cause cell damage and even apoptosis in the host. Hence, examining \nthe capability of NS1 to trigger an immune response was studied. The aim of this study was to investigate \nDC and T cell interaction after the stimulation with B19 NS1 induced Apoptotic Bodies (ApoBods). The \nhypothesis was that NS1 induced ApoBods stimulate an immune reaction in vitro, in which the autoimmune \nrelated Th1 and Th17 cells are differentiated. A seven-day maturation period for the commercial dendritic \ncells (MUTZ-3, the cytokine-dependent human cell line) was set up, and the maturation was finalized with a \n48 h stimulation period with NS1 induced ApoBods. Afterwards, stimulated MUTZ-3 cells were co-cultured \nwith T cells for 24 h, 72 h and 7 d. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to examine the \nextracellular markers on both the mature MUTZ-3 cells and the co-cultured T cells from each of the three\ntime points. CD83 was the extracellular marker for mature DC detection, while six different T cell subtype \nmarkers were used for T cell labeling: CD8a, CD4, and CD183 for Th1, CD194 for Th2, CD196 for Th17,\nand CD25 for T regulatory (Treg) cells. Additionally, the supernatants from the 24 h and 72 h time points \nwere studied for cytokine production. The results of the DC maturation experiment illustrated >10 % \nmaturation of dendritic cells. Moreover, the co-cultured T cells demonstrated differentiation of each T cell \nsubtype examined. The formation of differentiated Th2 cells after 72 h was at a higher quantity than the other \nCD4+ T cell subtypes (Th1, Th17, and Treg). At day 7, the Th1 and Th17 cells had steadily increased to \n2.5 % and 1.5 %, respectively. Although Th2 and Treg cells had first increased at 72 h time point, both had\ndecreased at 7 d. Furthermore, the cytokine analysis exemplified the production of pro- and anti-\ninflammatory cytokines. However, no signature cytokines for each T cell subtype were discovered. \nStill, it can be noted that NS1 induced ApoBods stimulated an inflammatory immune reaction, where a \nvariety of T cell subtypes were formed. Moreover, the hypothesis was proven accurate, as Th1 and Th17 cells \nhad differentiated, and the number of cells had increased throughout the experimented time points. \nStill, further studies on NS1 induced immune reactions are required to identify the exact mechanisms of \ninitiation for B19V \u2013related autoimmunity.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Kati Karvonen (kasukarv) on 2015-11-02 16:15:20.424310. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2015-11-02T16:15:20Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201511023577.pdf: 1515724 bytes, checksum: 232345468db3904a5f1a37b7c19fc22a (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4853 bytes, checksum: afda3dc1cd40bf15ff53e5b8ef1e2a91 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-02T16:15:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201511023577.pdf: 1515724 bytes, checksum: 232345468db3904a5f1a37b7c19fc22a (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4853 bytes, checksum: afda3dc1cd40bf15ff53e5b8ef1e2a91 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2015", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (51 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "T-solut", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "dendriittisolut", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "virtaussytometria", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "T cell differentiation by human parvovirus B19 non-structural protein 1 induced apoptotic bodies", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201511023577", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Solu- ja molekyylibiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Cell and molecular biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2015-11-02T16:15:21Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4013", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "solut", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "parvovirukset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sytokiinit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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