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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Gilbert, Leona", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Meril\u00e4inen, Leena", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Brander, Heini", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2015-09-18T08:32:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2015-09-18T08:32:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2015", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1495962", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/47084", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Lymen borrelioosi on Suomessakin yleinen puutiaisten levitt\u00e4m\u00e4 tauti. Borrelioosin ensimm\u00e4isi\u00e4 oireita ovat muun muassa puutiaisen pureman ymp\u00e4rille muodostuva ihottuma, p\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4rky, v\u00e4symys ja kuume. My\u00f6hemmin tauti voi aiheuttaa nivel- tai syd\u00e4ntulehduksen sek\u00e4 neurologisia oireita. Borrelioosi on monessa suhteessa kiistanalainen tauti, sill\u00e4 esimerkiksi sen hoidosta ja mahdollisesta kroonistumisesta on kaksi eri\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 n\u00e4kemyst\u00e4. Taudin aiheuttaja on Borrelia burgdorferi -bakteeri (Bb). Bb pystyy v\u00e4lttelem\u00e4\u00e4n is\u00e4nn\u00e4n\nimmuunipuolustusta useilla eri mekanismeilla. Bakteeri on korkkiruuvinmuotoinen spirokeetta, mutta voi esiinty\u00e4 my\u00f6s ep\u00e4tyypillisin\u00e4 muotoina, joihin kuuluu esimerkiksi py\u00f6re\u00e4 muoto (RB; engl. round body). Hypoteesina oli, ett\u00e4 RB aiheuttaa erilaisen immuunivasteen kuin spirokeetta mahdollisesti siten vaikuttaen taudin kroonistumiseen. Tutkimuksessa verrattiin Bb:n eri muotojen fagosytoosia sek\u00e4 prosessointia makrofageissa immunoleimaamalla sy\u00f6j\u00e4soluista aktiini, lysosomit sek\u00e4 endoplasmakalvosto. Konfokaalimikroskooppikuvista tutkittiin kolokalisaatioanalyysilla sijaitseeko soluun sis\u00e4\u00e4notettu Bb samassa kohdassa kuin n\u00e4m\u00e4 soluelimet. Lis\u00e4ksi tutkittiin luonnollisen ja hankitun immuniteetin yhdist\u00e4vi\u00e4\ndendriittisoluja. Dendriittisolujen kypsyminen varmistettiin ensin virtaussytometrill\u00e4, jonka j\u00e4lkeen soluja stimuloitiin Bb:n eri muodoilla. T\u00e4m\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen stimuloitujen solujen eritt\u00e4m\u00e4t sytokiinit analysoitiin. Sytokiinit ohjaavat immuunivasteen kehityst\u00e4 kiihdytt\u00e4en tai est\u00e4en sen muodostumista. Tutkimuksen tuloksena todettiin, ett\u00e4 molemmat muodot kolokalisoivat aktiinin kanssa todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti fagosytoosin aikana. Spirokeetat kolokalisoivat useammin lysosomien kanssa kuin RB:t. Spirokeettoja on aiemmin havaittu solulimassa, mutta n\u00e4iden tulosten perusteella RB:t joutuvat spirokeettoja useammin lysosomien ulkopuolisen hajotuksen kohteeksi. Endoplasmakalvoston ja Bb:n v\u00e4h\u00e4isest\u00e4 kolokalisaatiosta ei voitu vet\u00e4\u00e4 johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksi\u00e4, koska varsinaisen signaalin erottaminen taustasta oli mahdotonta. Sen vuoksi bakteerin antigeenien mahdollinen esittely samaa reitti\u00e4 kuin virusproteiinit j\u00e4i yh\u00e4 selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4. Dendriittisolujen kyspsymisprotokolla ei tuottanut haluttua tulosta, vaan vain 10 % soluista kypsyi. Dendriittisolujen tuottamissa sytokiineissa n\u00e4kyi m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4llisi\u00e4 eroja esimerkikisi interleukiini 8, CCL2 ja CCL5:n kohdalla,\nmutta niiden merkitsevyytt\u00e4 ei voida todeta toistamatta koetta. Bb:n spirokeetta- ja RB-muotojen prosessointien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 immuunisoluissa vaikuttaa olevan eroja, jotka kuitenkin vaativat lis\u00e4tutkimuksia. Mahdollisesti RB-muodon erilainen immuunivaste on yhteydess\u00e4 kroonisen borrelioosin kehittymiseen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease also encountered in Finland. Common symptoms of Lyme disease are erythema migrans \u2013skin lesion, headache, fatigue, and fever. Possible symptoms in the late stage of the disease are arthritis, carditis, and neuroborreliosis. The causative agent is a spirochete called Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). Bb has multiple methods to evade host immunity, and many aspects of host immune response to Bb are not yet examined. The disease is a subject of a great controversy. Particularly the possibility of a chronic Borrelia infection is under debate. Bb can alter its shape and transform into a round body (RB) form, which has been suggested to play a role in chronic disease. Phagocytic cells play a significant role in clearing an infection as well as activating other aspects of immunity. Here, actin, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were immunolabeled in macrophages, and their colocalization with internalized spirochetes or RBs was analyzed based on confocal microscopic images. Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells and the main link between innate and adaptive immunity. First, a dendritic cell maturation protocol was developed and then cells were stimulated with either spirochetes or RBs. Cytokines excreted by stimulated dendritic cells were analyzed. As a result, actin colocalization with both forms was equal suggesting that actin is used in the phagocytosis of both forms. Spirochetes colocalized more with lysosomes than RBs. Spirochetes are reported to be degraded not only in lysosomes but also in the cytosol. These results suggested that RBs are degraded more often in the cytosol. Low colocalization of either form with ER led to the conclusion that another method is required to study possible major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation. The dendritic cell maturation protocol did not produce as high maturation rate as pursued. However, some differences in cytokine secretion were detected between spirochetes and RBs. For example, interleukin 8, CCL2 and CCL5 had an increased production by RB stimulation. In conclusion, these results indicate a difference between spirochete and RB processing in immune cells that may cause separate immune responses. Nevertheless, further studies are required to obtain more information on the significance of the differences. Perhaps, RBs can provide an explanation for the pathogenesis behind chronic Lyme disease.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Heini Brander (hejobran) on 2015-09-18 08:32:44.368577. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2015-09-18T08:32:45Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201509183144.pdf: 3155024 bytes, checksum: b4c7d4d3a842677ec9fffea65d732b0f (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4818 bytes, checksum: e2d913aaff0059e081c69f93fe56c8b9 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-18T08:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201509183144.pdf: 3155024 bytes, checksum: b4c7d4d3a842677ec9fffea65d732b0f (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4818 bytes, checksum: e2d913aaff0059e081c69f93fe56c8b9 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2015", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (43 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Lyme disease", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Borrelia burgdorferi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Round body", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "macrophage", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "colocalization", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "dendritic cell", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Entry and processing of Borrelia burgdorferi pleomorphic forms", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201509183144", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master's thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Solu- ja molekyylibiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Cell and molecular biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2015-09-18T08:32:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4013", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "borrelioosi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "makrofagit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "Lymen borrelioosi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "solut", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": 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