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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Maisa Martin", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Salo, Aino", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2015-08-19T07:55:54Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2015-08-19T07:55:54Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2015", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1492867", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/46649", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa perehdyt\u00e4\u00e4n S2-oppijoiden s\u00e4hk\u00f6posteissa k\u00e4ytettyihin kohteliaisuuden ilmaisuihin ja selvitet\u00e4\u00e4n, vaikuttaako taitotaso tai vastaanottaja kohteliaisuuteen. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys nojaa voimakkaasti Brownin ja Levinsonin kohteliaisuusteoriaan (1987) ja Gricen vuorovaikutuksen periaatteisiin (1891).\n\nTutkimukseni aineisto on per\u00e4isin Topling-hankkeesta, joka pyrkii yhdist\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n tutkimustietoa kielitaidon arvioinnista ja S2-oppijoiden oppimisesta. Olen rajannut Topling-hankkeen runsasta aineistoa niin, ett\u00e4 t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa keskityn yl\u00e4koululaisten kirjoittamiin s\u00e4hk\u00f6posteihin, jotka ovat suunnattu kolmessa eri teht\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 yst\u00e4v\u00e4lle, opettajalle ja verkkokauppaan. Tekstit on arvioitu Yhteisen eurooppalaisen viitekehyksen (EVK:n) mukaan. Analyysin ty\u00f6kaluna olen k\u00e4ytt\u00e4nyt Topling-hankkeessa kehitetty\u00e4 DEMfad-mallia, jossa tutkitaan kielellisten piirteiden taajuutta, tarkkuutta ja distribuutiota. Taajuus tarkoittaa kielellisen ilmi\u00f6n esiintymism\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 tuhatta sanaa kohden. Tarkkuudella selvitet\u00e4\u00e4n ilmi\u00f6n kohdekielen mukaisuutta ja distribuutiolla tarkastellaan, millaisia keinoja ilmi\u00f6n ilmaisemiseen k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n ja miten ne monipuolistuvat kielitaidon parantuessa.\n\nTutkimuksessa k\u00e4vi ilmi, ett\u00e4 kielitaidon parantuessa S2-oppijat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t enemm\u00e4n erilaisia kohteliaisuuden keinoja, esimerkiksi konditionaalin, teitittelyn ja kiitosten k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyi. Yst\u00e4v\u00e4lle kirjoitetaan ep\u00e4muodollisemmin kuin opettajalle, mutta kaikista muodollisimmat viestit kirjoitettiin verkkokauppaan, mik\u00e4 n\u00e4kyi esimerkiksi yst\u00e4v\u00e4n ja opettajan sinutteluna ja verkkokauppan teitittelyn\u00e4. Kohteliaisuus lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyi my\u00f6s vastaanottajan muuttuessa tutusta tuntemattomaksi, mik\u00e4 n\u00e4kyi esimerkiksi siin\u00e4, ett\u00e4 yst\u00e4v\u00e4lle kirjoitetuissa viesteiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin runsaasti imperatiivia, jota ei lievennetty juurikaan. Sen sijaan verkkokauppaan l\u00e4hetetyiss\u00e4 viesteiss\u00e4 imperatiivin voimaa pehmennettiin esimerkiksi teitittelyn ja konditionaalin avulla. Tyypillisint\u00e4 kohteliaisuutta olikin t\u00e4llainen et\u00e4kohteliaisuus, jonka tarkoituksena on suojella vastaanottajan negatiivisia kasvoja.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Aino Salo (aijosalo) on 2015-08-19 07:55:53.812636. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2015-08-19T07:55:54Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201508192702.pdf: 850991 bytes, checksum: 5c64e89a04c72978159afef21ba9d769 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4792 bytes, checksum: 5d38fb67368e772cb3a97c9865d85692 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-19T07:55:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201508192702.pdf: 850991 bytes, checksum: 5c64e89a04c72978159afef21ba9d769 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4792 bytes, checksum: 5d38fb67368e772cb3a97c9865d85692 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2015", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (81 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Kohteliaisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "suomi toisena kielen\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "S2", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "s\u00e4hk\u00f6posti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kasvot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Topling", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Kohteliaisuus S2-oppijoiden s\u00e4hk\u00f6posteissa", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201508192702", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kielten laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Languages", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", 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