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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Rahikainen, Aki", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2015-06-24T09:35:58Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2015-06-24T09:35:58Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2015", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1476668", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/46402", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Introduction: The study was a part of a series of short-term bed rest studies organized\r\nby the European Space Agency (ESA) involving several teams of scientists. The bed\r\nrest studies are used to simulate microgravity environment and to help to find out\r\ncountermeasures for adverse effects on human physiology that are caused e.g. by\r\ninactivity and unloading of skeletal muscles. Data from these studies can also help\r\ngeneral population e.g. to recover faster after hospitalization.\r\nObjectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of a 5-day bed rest on\r\nupper leg muscle size (vasti compared to sartorius), T2-relaxation in those muscles, and\r\nchanges in neuromuscular performance. Objectives were to find out if initial muscle\r\nvolume changes are caused by changes in the content of free non-macromolecular\r\nbound water, and evaluate possible consequences to neuromuscular performance.\r\nMethods: Ten healthy male subjects (age 29.4 \u00b1 5.9 years; height 178.8 \u00b1 3.7 cm; body\r\nmass 77.7 \u00b1 4.1 kg) took part in three 6\u00ba head-down tilt bed rest campaigns each lasting\r\nfive days and including 5-day preparatory (baseline) and 5-day recovery periods. The\r\nsubjects were randomly assigned either in a control group (CON; strict bed rest), in a\r\nstanding group (STA, daily 25 min upright standing) or in a locomotion replacement\r\ntraining group (LRT, daily 25 min exercise protocol). All subjects performed the\r\nprotocols with approximately 2-3 months between the campaigns. The muscle volume\r\nchanges were determined by segmenting MRI of vasti and sartorius, and a MRI\r\nparameter T2 was analyzed from the same muscles to determine if it correlates with\r\nvolume changes. MRIs were taken two days before the bed rest (BDC-2), after the bed\r\nrest (R+0) and after 5-day recovery (R+5). Knee extensor strength was measured via\r\ntesting isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and changes in maximum\r\njump height were tested using a force platform. Muscle fatigability and electrical\r\nconduction properties were also analyzed via M-wave and EMG measurements.\r\nResults: Muscle volume reduction (BDC-2 to R+0) were observed in sartorius (-1.38%\r\nin LRT; -0.38% in STA and -0.46 % in CON groups; p<0.05), and in vasti (-0.20% in\r\nLRT; - 2.21 % in STA and -1.75 % in CON groups; p<0.001). The muscle volume kept\r\non declining or remained at R+0 level during the recovery period in both muscles.\r\nT2 increased in sartorius if all subjects were observed regardless of intervention (LRT,\r\nSTA, CON) and recovered to BDC-2 values after recovery (BDC-2: T2=42.10; R+0:\r\nT2=48.22 ms; R+5: T2=46.61 ms; p<0.05). There was no difference between different\r\ninterventions. In vasti there were no statistical significances in T2 between interventions\r\nor between different measurement days (BDC-2, R+0, R+5). MVC decreased by 8 %\r\nfor CON (p<0.05), was maintained for STA, and increased with 12 % for LRT (p <\r\n0.05). Maximum jump height declined approximately 1.5 cm for all groups (p < 0.001).\r\nNeural activation and knee extensor fatigability did not change.\r\nConclusions: It can be concluded that the 5-day bed rest with this sample size was not\r\nadequate to draw conclusions regarding correlation of T2 and muscle volume changes.\r\nThe LRT training program was able maintain muscle size and MVC. Future studies are\r\nrequired to validate the methodology.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Johdanto: Tutkimus oli osa Euroopan Avaruusj\u00e4rjest\u00f6n (ESA, European Space\r\nAgency) organisoimia lyhyit\u00e4 vuodelepotutkimuksia, joihin osallistui monta\r\ntutkijaryhm\u00e4\u00e4. Vuodelepotutkimuksilla simuloidaan painottomuuden vaikutuksia\r\nelimist\u00f6ss\u00e4 ja pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00f6yt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n keinoja, joilla mm. inaktiivisuuden ja painovoiman\r\naiheuttaman kuormituksen v\u00e4henemisen haitalliset vaikutukset lihaksistossa voidaan\r\nv\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4. Tutkimusten tuloksia voidaan soveltaa my\u00f6s valtav\u00e4est\u00f6\u00f6n esim.\r\nsairaalajaksoista toipumisen tukemiseksi.\r\nTavoitteet: Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 viiden p\u00e4iv\u00e4n vuodelevon\r\nvaikutuksia reiden lihasten (vasti ja sartorius) kokoon, T2 -relaksaatioon kyseisiss\u00e4\r\nlihaksissa ja neuromuskulaariseen suorituskykyyn. Tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4\r\nkorreloiko odotetut lihaskoon muutokset T2 -aikojen kanssa ja antavatko n\u00e4m\u00e4 viitteit\u00e4\r\nsiit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 vuodelevon alussa tapahtuvat muutokset lihaskoossa johtuvat muutoksista\r\nmakromolekulaarisesti sitoutumattoman veden siirtymisest\u00e4 pois lihaksista.\r\nMenetelm\u00e4t: Tukimukseen osallistui 10 tervett\u00e4 miest\u00e4 (ik\u00e4 29.4 \u00b1 5.9 vuotta; pituus\r\n178.8 \u00b1 3.7 cm; paino 77.7 \u00b1 4.1 kg). Koehenkil\u00f6t osallistuivat yhteens\u00e4 kolmeen viiden\r\np\u00e4iv\u00e4n vuodelepojaksoon (s\u00e4nky oli kuuden asteen kulmassa ja p\u00e4\u00e4 alasp\u00e4in), joista\r\njokainen sis\u00e4lsi viiden p\u00e4iv\u00e4n valmistavan jakson ja viiden p\u00e4iv\u00e4n palautusjakson.\r\nTutkittavat jaettiin kolmeen ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n (CON=kontrolli: tiukka vuodelepo; STA=\r\npystyasento: 25 min pystyasennossa/vrk; LRT=liikunta: 25 min fyysist\u00e4\r\nharjoittelua/vrk). Kaikki koehenkil\u00f6t osallistuivat kaikkiin ryhmiin ja tutkimusjaksojen\r\nv\u00e4lill\u00e4 oli 2-3 kuukauden tauko. Lihaskoon ja T2 -aikojen muutoksia selvitettiin MRI -\r\nkuvien perusteella. MRI -kuvat otettiin kaksi p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4 ennen vuodenlevon alkua (BDC-2),\r\nheti vuodelevon j\u00e4lkeen (R+0) ja viiden p\u00e4iv\u00e4n palautumisjakson j\u00e4lkeen (R+5). Polven\r\nojentajien suorituskykymuutoksia arvioitiin mittaamalla isometrisen maksimivoiman,\r\nponnistuskorkeuden ja lihasten v\u00e4syvyyden muutoksia.\r\nTulokset: Lihaskoon muutoksia havaittiin sartoriuksessa (-1.38% LRT; -0.38% STA ja\r\n-0.46 % CON ryhmiss\u00e4; p<0.05) ja vasti -lihasryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 (-0.20% LRT; - 2.21 % STA ja\r\n-1.75 % CON ryhmiss\u00e4; p<0.001). Lihasten koko ei palautunut vuodelepoa edelt\u00e4neelle\r\ntasolla palautumisjakson aikana. Sartoriuksessa T2 -ajat kasvoivat vuodelevon\r\nseurauksena ja palautuivat palautusjakson aikana, jos kaikkia koehenkil\u00f6it\u00e4 tarkasteltiin\r\nhuomioimatta, mihin ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n he kuuluivat (BDC-2: T2=42.02ms; R+0: T2=48.22 ms;\r\nR+5: T2=46.61 ms; p<0.05). Eri ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja.\r\nReiden ojentajissa (vasti) ei havaittu merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja T2 -ajoissa ryhmien tai\r\nmittausp\u00e4ivien v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Isometrinen maksimivoima laski 8 % CON -ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4, pysyi\r\nennallaan STA -ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 ja kasvoi 12 % LRT -ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 (p < 0.05). Maksimaalinen\r\nponnistuskorkeus laski noin 1.5 cm kaikilla ryhmill\u00e4 (p < 0.001). Neuraalisen\r\naktivaation tai lihasv\u00e4syvyyden muutoksia ei havaittu.\r\nYhteenveto: Johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksen\u00e4 voidaan todeta, ett\u00e4 viiden p\u00e4iv\u00e4n vuodelevon perusteella\r\nei voida p\u00e4\u00e4tell\u00e4 korrelaatioita T2 -aikojen ja lihaskoon muutoksien v\u00e4lill\u00e4. LRT -\r\nryhm\u00e4n harjoittelu auttoi ehk\u00e4isem\u00e4\u00e4n lihaskoon ja maksimivoiman muutoksia. Lis\u00e4\u00e4\r\ntutkimusta suuremmalla koehenkil\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ll\u00e4 tarvitaan metodien varmistamiseksi.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Aki Rahikainen (akperahi) on 2015-06-24 09:35:57.758573. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2015-06-24T09:35:58Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201506242424.pdf: 1310249 bytes, checksum: 19198c68730501cecf9854f0adbd388f (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4842 bytes, checksum: 0b7a1ab6976348d5c2870f88a9e3cd38 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-24T09:35:58Z (GMT). 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"Aineistoon p\u00e4\u00e4sy\u00e4 on rajoitettu tekij\u00e4noikeussyist\u00e4. Aineisto on luettavissa Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6asemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "This material has a restricted access due to copyright reasons. It can be read at the workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library reserved for the use of archival materials: https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities.", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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