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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ohtonen, Olli", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Linnamo, Vesa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Lemmettyl\u00e4, Teemu", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2015-04-27T10:43:30Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2015-04-27T10:43:30Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2015", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1472899", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/45722", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Venymis-lyhenemis \u2013sykli (SSC) on laajalti tutkittu liha-j\u00e4nne -kompleksin (MTU) toimintamalli ihmisen liikkumisessa. Jotta SSC toiminta voidaan ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4\u00e4, lihaksen toiminta tulee mitata ultra\u00e4\u00e4nen (US) avulla. Aiemmin yksi tutkimus on k\u00e4sitellyt MTU:n toimintaa hiihdon aikana perinteisell\u00e4 hiihtotavalla (Ishikawa, Sano et al. 2010). T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarjota ainutlaatuinen kokeellinen tulos MTU:n toiminnasta vapaan hiihdon V2- tekniikan aikana, sek\u00e4 tarjota suosituksia tulevaa tutkimusta varten. \r\n\r\nTutkimuksessa yksi kokenut hiiht\u00e4j\u00e4 suoritti protokolla Vuokatin hiihtotunnelissa. Protokolla koostui kahdesta eri mittauskerrasta, joiden v\u00e4liss\u00e4 suoritettiin 20 km mittainen hiihtokilpailusimulaatio. Mittauksissa mitattiin lihasaktivaatio (EMG) ja lihaksen pituus (US) vastus lateralis (VL), medial gastrocnemius (MG), triceps brachii (long head) (TRI) ja rectus femoris (RF) lihaksista, normaalissa ja v\u00e4syneess\u00e4 tilassa, useilla eri nopeuksilla. Lihas tiedot yhdistettiin liike- ja voimamittausten tuloksiin lopullista analyysia varten. \r\n\r\nSuoritusten yhten\u00e4isyys s\u00e4ilyi hyv\u00e4n\u00e4 mittauksissa maksimivoimien ja nopeuden valossa. V\u00e4symys ei aiheuttanut muutosta MAX ja MED nopeuksissa (MAX: -0.6%, MED:-1.3%). Lihasten aktivoituminen s\u00e4ilyi samana nopeuden muuttuessa. Kuitenkin, kaikkien lihasten aktivaatiotasot olivat erilaisia suhteessa lihaksepituuden muutoksen suuntaan ja syklin vaiheeseen. Lihas \u2013 j\u00e4nne tasolla TRI ja VL lihakset venyiv\u00e4t enemm\u00e4n nopeuden lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyess\u00e4. Kaksi nivelt\u00e4 ylitt\u00e4v\u00e4t lihakset RF ja MG eiv\u00e4t osoittaneet selv\u00e4\u00e4 muutosta toiminnassa nopeuden lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyess\u00e4. V\u00e4symys ei muuttanut lihas-j\u00e4nne kompleksin toimintaa selke\u00e4sti.\r\n\r\nTulosten mukaan SSC on t\u00e4rke\u00e4 toimintamalli TRI ja VL lihaksille nopeuden kasvaessa V2 -tekniikan aikana. Kahden nivelen yli menev\u00e4t lihakset RF ja MG eiv\u00e4t osoittaneet yht\u00e4 selv\u00e4\u00e4 muutosta eri nopeuksilla. V\u00e4syminen ei muuttanut lihas-j\u00e4nne kompleksin toimintaa selke\u00e4sti, vaikka aEMG tason lasku ja muutokset k\u00e4sine ja jalkojen voimantuotto suhteissa viittasivat v\u00e4symykseen. Saadut tulokset ovat eritt\u00e4in kokeellisia ja toimivat esitutkimuksena tuleville mittauksille. Tulevissa tutkimuksissa on kiinnitett\u00e4v\u00e4 tarkempaa huomiota ultra\u00e4\u00e4nisensorin valintaan ja kiinnitykseen paremman mittauslaadun varmistamiseksi. My\u00f6s mittausalue on suunniteltava tarkemmin, jotta kaikki halutut mittaukset saadaan ker\u00e4tty\u00e4 kaikilla halutuilla nopeuksilla. \r\n\r\nAvainsanat: Maastohiihto, V2 -tekniikka, venymis-lyhenemis -sykli, lihas-j\u00e4nne kompleksin toiminta, ultra\u00e4\u00e4ni", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Stretch-shortening cycle is widely studied movement pattern in locomotion. To understand how it is utilized in muscle-fascicle level ultrasound (US) measurements are needed. One previous study has been carried out which provided the muscle-tendon level information during cross-country (xc) skiing (Ishikawa, Sano et al. 2010). Purpose of this study was to carry out a pilot measurement and provide unique muscle-fascicle level data during V2 skate xc-skiing as well as give further suggestion for the following measurements.\r\n\r\nOne experienced skier carried out measurement in Vuokatti ski tunnel. Measurements consisted of two measurement sets, in between fatiguing 20k race simulation was carried out. In the measurements muscle activity (EMG) and US from vastus lateralis (VL), medial gastrocnemius (MG), triceps brachii (long head) (TRI) and rectus femoris (RF) were recorded in a normal and a fatigued conditions in a different velocities. Muscle based data was combined to the motion and force data for the final analysis.\r\n\r\nUniformity of the trails was achieved well in terms of velocity and maximal forces. Fatigue did not change achieved velocities between MAX and MED condition (MAX: -0.6%, MED:-1.3%). Muscle activation pattern did not change within the muscle, however, all measured muscles showed different phase pattern respect to the lengthening direction. In muscle-tendon analysis TRI and VL muscles stretched more with increasing velocity. Biarticular muscles RF and MG did not show clear change in behavior. Fatigue did not change clearly muscle tendon behavior. \r\n\r\nResults suggest that SSC is main method for TRI and VL muscles to increase the performance during V2 xc-skiing. Biarticular muscles (MG and RF) showed possibly some stretch but behavior did not clearly change with increasing velocity. Fatigue did not change muscle-fascicle behavior clearly, even though lower aEMG levels and shifts in force production in fatigued condition suggest that at least some fatigue was achieved. However, results are highly experimental and serve only as a pilot study. In the following measurements is important to select and attach the US probes more carefully to ensure better quality of US measurements. Measurement setup should be build more carefully to ensure better integrity and quality of the data collection. \r\n\r\n\r\nKeywords: Cross-country skiing, skating, stretch-shortening cycle, muscle-tendon in-teraction, ultrasound", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Teemu Lemmettyl\u00e4 (tejolemm) on 2015-04-27 10:43:29.765655. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2015-04-27T10:43:30Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201504271680.pdf: 2632967 bytes, checksum: f8261411f5f93fdbf8a5632fac7e0396 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4838 bytes, checksum: 81c5cfe5939c5740434877b60a65db79 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-27T10:43:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201504271680.pdf: 2632967 bytes, checksum: f8261411f5f93fdbf8a5632fac7e0396 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4838 bytes, checksum: 81c5cfe5939c5740434877b60a65db79 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2015", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (71 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Cross-country skiing", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "skating", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "stretch-shortening cycle", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "muscle-tendon in-teraction", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ultrasound", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Fascicle-tendon interaction in v2 skate cross-country skiing : a case study", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201504271680", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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