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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Avela, Janne", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Ruotsalainen, Ilona", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2014-12-03T17:37:06Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2014-12-03T17:37:06Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2014", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1453134", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/44807", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Aivojen hermostollisissa rakenteissa ja toiminnassa tapahtuu adaptaatiota motorisen oppimisen seurauksena. Er\u00e4s ehdotetuista malleista, johon muutokset voivat perustua on hermoliitoksen voimakkuuden pitk\u00e4aikainen tehostuminen eli pitk\u00e4kestoinen potentiaa-tio (LTP). Keinotekoisesti LTP:n kaltainen vaikutus voidaan tuottaa parillisella as-sosiatiivisella stimulaatiolla (PAS). Lis\u00e4ksi tutkimustulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 PAS voi parantaa tietyn tyyppist\u00e4 motorista oppimista. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on sel-vitt\u00e4\u00e4 miten PAS:n tuottama LTP:n kaltainen plastisuus vaikuttaa visuomotorisen oppi-misen alkuvaiheeseen.\nVisuomotorinen oppimisteht\u00e4v\u00e4 suoritettiin kolme kertaa PAS:n j\u00e4lkeen. Oppimisteht\u00e4v\u00e4 oli tarkkuusteht\u00e4v\u00e4, jossa koehenkil\u00f6n piti seurata esimerkkivoimak\u00e4yr\u00e4\u00e4 mahdolli-simman tarkasti tuottamalla voima plantaarifleksiolla. Transkraniaalisella magneettisella stimulaatiolla tuotettiin motorisia her\u00e4tepotentiaaleja (MEP) ennen PAS:ta ja jokaisen oppimisteht\u00e4v\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen. Lis\u00e4ksi hermon s\u00e4hk\u00f6ist\u00e4stimulaatiota k\u00e4ytettiin Hoffman refleksin (h-reflex) ja maksimaalisen m-aallon mittaamiseen (Mmax). Koehenkil\u00f6t jaettiin kolmeen ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n: kontrolli (CON), vastaajat (RES; PAS tuotti MEP:n fasilitoitumista) ja ei-vastaajat (NON, PAS ei kasvattanut MEP:n kokoa). \nKaikki ryhm\u00e4t paransivat suoritustaan oppimisteht\u00e4vien 1 ja 3 v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (L1 ja L3). Vain RES-ryhm\u00e4 paransi suoritustaan v\u00e4lill\u00e4 L2 ja L3. Suorituksen parantuminen oli merkit-sev\u00e4 verrattuna CON-ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n ja l\u00e4hes merkitsev\u00e4 verrattuna NON-ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. MEP:n amplitudit PAS:n j\u00e4lkeen olivat seuraavat: RES 138,0 \u00b1 98,6 % (POST1), 227,8 \u00b1 130,2 % (POST2, p < 0,022) ja 228,4 \u00b1 152,9 % (POST3, p < 0,012), NON 83,0 \u00b1 35,2 % (POST1) 70,7 \u00b1 21,7 % (POST2, p < 0,020) and 72.0 \u00b1 15,5 % (POST3). MEP:n koossa ei tapahtunut muutoksia CON-ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4. My\u00f6sk\u00e4\u00e4n h-refleksiss\u00e4 tai Mmax:ssa ei tapahtunut merkitsevi\u00e4 muutoksia eri mittausajankohtien v\u00e4lill\u00e4.\nKaikissa kolmessa ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 suoritus parani saman verran v\u00e4lill\u00e4 L1 ja L3. Kuitenkin oppimisteht\u00e4v\u00e4n lopussa PAS:lla n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 olevan suotuisa vaikutus visuomotoriseen op-pimisteht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Brain adapts in response to motor learning by changing neuroanatomical and functional properties. One proposed model for these changes is long lasting enhancement of synap-tic strength called long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP-like changes in motor cortex are possible to induce artificially with paired associative stimulation (PAS). Further, evi-dence exist that PAS can enhance specific types of motor learning. The aim of this re-search was to study the effect of PAS-induced LTP-like plasticity on early acquisition phase of brief visuomotor learning task. \nA motor learning task was conducted three times following PAS. The learning perfor-mance was calculated as a magnitude of average error throughout the task. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied before (PRE) PAS and after each learning task to measure motor-evoked potentials (MEP) from soleus muscle. In addition, electrical nerve stimulation was used to measure the Hoffman reflex (h-reflex) and maximal com-pound muscle action potential (Mmax). The subjects were divided into three different groups: control (CON), responders (RES, PAS induced MEP facilitation) and non-responders (NON, PAS did not increase MEP size). All groups improved their perfor-mance between learning task 1 and 3 (L1 and L3). Only the RES group improved be-tween L2 and L3. The improvement was significant compared with CON and almost significant with NON. MEP amplitudes following PAS increased in RES group; 138.0 \u00b1 98.6 % (POST1), 227.8 \u00b1 130.2 % (POST2, p < 0.022) and 228.4 \u00b1 152.9 % (POST3, p < 0.012). In the NON group MEP amplitudes were 83.0 \u00b1 35.2 % (POST1) 70.7 \u00b1 21.7 % (POST2, p < 0.020) and 72.0 \u00b1 15.5 % (POST3). There were no changes in CON compared with PRE measurement. Both the h-reflex and Mmax did not change significantly between conditions.\nThus, the learning performance did not differ between the groups when compared the total amount of learning (between L1 and L3). However, at the end of the learning task as the learning proceeded, PAS seems to have an beneficial impact on visuomotor learn-ing task.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Ilona Ruotsalainen (ipruotsa) on 2014-12-03 17:37:05.884271. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2014-12-03T17:37:06Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201412033425.pdf: 317910 bytes, checksum: 2f78cacfc50c7d2a597ce8ebb8854aaf (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4880 bytes, checksum: 024d1604281aea5b0549b4261c83cf29 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T17:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201412033425.pdf: 317910 bytes, checksum: 2f78cacfc50c7d2a597ce8ebb8854aaf (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4880 bytes, checksum: 024d1604281aea5b0549b4261c83cf29 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2014", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (45 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "paired associative stimulation", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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