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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Hautala, Jarkko", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Astikainen, Piia", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Julkunen, Iina", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2014-11-27T22:29:12Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2014-11-27T22:29:12Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2014", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1452033", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/44761", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Masennuksen kognitiivisten teorioiden mukaan kielteiset vinoutumat tiedonk\u00e4sittelyn eri tasoilla ovat keskeisi\u00e4 depressio-oireiden synnyss\u00e4 ja yll\u00e4pidossa. N\u00e4ist\u00e4 vinoumista harvemmin tutkittu tulkintav\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4 (interpretative bias) oli t\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen kohteena. Aiemmat tutkimustulokset ovat antaneet viitteit\u00e4 siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 masentuneilla olisi taipumus suosia negatiivista tulkintaa jopa ep\u00e4selvi\u00e4 \u00e4rsykkeit\u00e4 kohtaan. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin, antaisivatko masentuneet ep\u00e4selville kuville ennemmin kielteisi\u00e4 kuin neutraaleja tulkintoja, ja miten ep\u00e4selvyyden aste vaikuttaa reaktioaikoihin. Kaksi ryhm\u00e4\u00e4 (dysforinen ja ei-dysforinen) osallistuivat silm\u00e4nliikekokeeseen, jossa heille n\u00e4ytettiin sis\u00e4ll\u00f6lt\u00e4\u00e4n neutraaleja ja negatiivisia kuvia, jotka v\u00e4hitellen tarkentuivat sumeasta kirkkaaksi. Jokaisen kuvan kohdalla koehenkil\u00f6it\u00e4 pyydettiin kategorisoimaan kuva joko neutraaliksi tai negatiiviseksi nelj\u00e4ss\u00e4 vaiheessa kuvan kirkastuessa (sumennustasot 1-4). Vastaukset ja reaktioajat mitattiin. Tilastoanalyysit eiv\u00e4t osoittaneet eroa dysforisten ja kontrollien v\u00e4lill\u00e4, joten oletus negatiivisen tulkintav\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4n olemassaolosta masennuksessa ei saanut tukea. Tuloksista l\u00f6ytyi kuitenkin molemmissa ryhmiss\u00e4 selke\u00e4 reaktioaikojen kasvu negatiivisia kuvia kohtaan sumennustasolla 3, verrattuna muihin sumennustasoihin (sumennuksen ja kuvan valenssin vaikutus reaktioaikaan oli tuolla asteella merkitsev\u00e4 p>.0001). T\u00e4m\u00e4 tulos saattaa liitty\u00e4 kielteiseksi koettujen ep\u00e4selvien \u00e4rsykkeiden kognitiiviseen kuormittavuuteen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "According to cognitive models of depression, negative biasing of cognitive resources is\r\nestimated to be central in the onset and maintenance of depressive symptoms. One scarcely\r\nresearched bias in depression, the interpretative bias, was the focus of this study. Previous research has indicated that depressed individuals have a tendency to favour negative evaluations even toward ambiguous stimuli. To test this hypothesis, our study examined whether dysphoric individuals would rate ambiguous visual stimuli as negative more often than the control group, and if there was a difference in reaction times according to blur level. Two groups, non-dysphoric and dysphoric, took part in an eye tracking experiment where negative and neutral pictures were shown starting from extremely blurred and ending in a completely clear image. The participants were asked to categorize each picture on each blur level (levels 1-4) as either negative or neutral. The reaction time and categorization data were gathered. No difference between dysphoric and control group was found in the analyses, and thus the existence of a negative interpretative bias in dysphoria did not gain support. However, an increase in reaction times for both groups was found on blur level 3 towards negative pictures, in comparison to other levels (the effect of blur and image valence on reaction time was highly significant on that level, p>.0001). This finding might reflect cognitive effort brought on by negative ambiguous stimuli.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Iina Julkunen (iimaanju) on 2014-11-27 22:29:11.804673. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2014-11-27T22:29:12Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201411283391.pdf: 751727 bytes, checksum: f3d22f47dc003146f732bba4b7dad3a7 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4843 bytes, checksum: fa1a48511f2fa17b85e1e0387cdb800d (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-27T22:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201411283391.pdf: 751727 bytes, checksum: f3d22f47dc003146f732bba4b7dad3a7 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4843 bytes, checksum: fa1a48511f2fa17b85e1e0387cdb800d (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2014", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (40 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "havainnot", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kognitiivinen psykologia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kognitiiviset prosessit", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "masennus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "tulkinta", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Interpretation of ambiguous visual stimuli in depression : a behavioral response study", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201411283391", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Social Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Psykologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psykologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2014-11-27T22:29:13Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": 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