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TIIVISTELMÄ
11-vuotiaiden lasten liikunta-aktiivisuus – WHO-Koululaistutkimus
Lehto Anna Pauliina
Terveyskasvatuksen Pro Gradu -tutkielma
Peltola Maija Elisabet
Terveyskasvatuksen Syventävien opintojen opinnäytetyö
Jyväskylän yliopisto, Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, terveystieteiden laitos
2014
Sivuja 87, liitteitä 1
Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, minkä verran 11-vuotiaat pojat ja tytöt harrastavat liikuntaa, mitä lajeja he tyypillisesti harrastavat, ja mitkä syyt ovat merkityksellisiä heidän liikunnan harrastamiselleen. Lisäksi haluttiin selvittää sukupuolen, asuinalueen ja liikunnan syiden yhteyttä lasten kokonaisliikunta-aktiivisuuteen.
Tulokset perustuvat vuoden 2010 WHO-Koululaistutkimuksen laajempaan kyselyyn, josta analysoitiin 11-vuotiaiden (n=2463) taustatietoihin, kokonais- ja vapaa-ajan liikunta-aktiivisuuteen, liikuntalajeihin ja liikunnan syihin liittyvät kysymykset. Tutkimuksessa tilas-tomenetelminä käytettiin frekvenssijakaumia, ristiintaulukointia, 2-testiä, t-testiä, faktoriana-lyysiä sekä binääristä logistista regressioanalyysiä.
Reilu kolmannes pojista ja neljännes tytöistä liikkui vähintään tunnin päivässä, mikä tarkoittaa, että pojat saavuttavat tyttöjä yleisemmin viralliset liikuntasuositukset. Pojista reilu kolmasosa ja tytöistä vajaa kolmasosa liikkui vapaa-ajallaan hengästyen ja hikoillen 4–6 kertaa viikossa. Kesäliikuntalajeista suosituimpia olivat pojilla jalkapallo, pyöräily ja uinti, tytöillä uinti, pyöräily ja juoksu. Suosituimmat talviliikuntalajit olivat pojilla hiihto, luistelu ja jääkiekko, tytöillä luistelu, hiihto ja laskettelu. Poikien tärkeimpiä liikunnan syitä olivat hauskuus, hyvä kunto sekä kaverit, tytöillä puolestaan kaverit, terveys ja hauskuus. Lasten mainitsemista liikunnan syistä muodostettiin faktorianalyysin perusteella kolme summamuuttujaa. Näistä summamuuttujista tärkeimmäksi liikunnan syyksi muodostui sosiaalisuus ja hauskanpito. Tämä oli ainoa kokonaisliikunta-aktiivisuutta selittävä liikunnan syy. Sukupuolella, asuinalueella ja muilla liikunnan syillä ei ollut yhteyttä lasten kokonaisliikunta-aktiivisuuteen.
Verrattaessa tuloksia vuosien 2002 ja 2006 WHO-Koululaistutkimuksiin huomattiin, että lii-kuntasuositukset täyttävien 11-vuotiaiden lasten prosenttiosuus oli pienentynyt. Sukupuolten väliset erot olivat pysyneet ennallaan, poikien liikkuessa tyttöjä enemmän. Lasten liikuntalajit näyttivät pysyneen hyvin perinteisinä ja liikunnan syistä kilpailun- ja voittamisen halu olivat menettäneet merkitystään ja tärkeimmiksi syiksi nousivat hauskanpito ja kavereiden tapaami-nen. Koulujen, urheiluseurojen ja muiden järjestöjen, jotka suunnittelevat ja tarjoavat lapille liikuntapalveluja, pitäisi varmistaa, että lapset voivat liikkua sekä urheilu- että harrastemielessä.
Asiasanat: WHO-Koululaistutkimus, lapset, liikunta-aktiivisuus, liikuntalajit, liikunnan syyt
ABSTRACT
Physical activeness of 11-yeard-old children – HBSC Study
Lehto Anna Pauliina
Master`s Thesis of Health Education
Peltola Maija Elisabet
Thesis, Advanced Studies, Health Education
University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Health
Sciences
2014
Pages 87, appendixes 1
The objective of this study was to analyze how physically active 11-year-old boys and girls are, what kinds of sports they do and which factors influence their physical activity. The dif-ferences between genders were also surveyed within these factors. Moreover, the associations between the gender, the place of residence, the reasons for doing sports and the overall time that was spent on physical activities was to be defined.
The study was based on the data from the 2010 HBSC Study. Questions about background information, overall activity, activity during free time and the types and reasons for exercise of 11-year-old (n=2463) children were analyzed. The frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, 2-test, t-test, factor analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to answer re-search questions.
More than a third of the boys and a fourth of the girls were active for more than an hour a day, which means that boys reach the official recommendations of physical activity more often than girls. More than a third of the boys and a fourth of the girls were active for more than an hour a day. More than a one third of the boys and less than a third of the girls were active in order to get out of breath and sweaty, four to six times a week during their free time. The three most popular summer sports among the boys were football, cycling and swimming, and among the girls swimming, cycling and running. The most popular winter sports among the boys were skiing, skating and ice hockey, and among the girls skating, skiing and downhill skiing. The main reasons for the boys to do sports were fun, fitness and friends, for the girls the reasons were friends, health and fun. The most important factor for childrens exercising was socializing and having fun which was the only reason that was associated with the overall time spent on exercising. The gender, place of residence and other reasons for excercising were not associated with children´s overall physical activeness.
When comparing the results of the 2002 and 2006 HBSC Study, it was found that the percentage of 11-year-old children meeting the recommendations of physical activity had decreased. Differences between genders have not changed and boys are more active than girls. Types of sport seems to have stayed traditional but the reasons for sport have changed; desire to win and to compete with other are no longer so important. For children seeing friends and having fun are more important. Schools, sport clubs and other organizations which plans and provides sport services for children should make sure that all children can practice both, competitive sports and sport as a hobby.
Keywords: HBSC Study, children, physical activity, sports, reasons for sport
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Lis\u00e4ksi haluttiin selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 sukupuolen, asuinalueen ja liikunnan syiden yhteytt\u00e4 lasten kokonaisliikunta-aktiivisuuteen.\r\n\r\nTulokset perustuvat vuoden 2010 WHO-Koululaistutkimuksen laajempaan kyselyyn, josta analysoitiin 11-vuotiaiden (n=2463) taustatietoihin, kokonais- ja vapaa-ajan liikunta-aktiivisuuteen, liikuntalajeihin ja liikunnan syihin liittyv\u00e4t kysymykset. Tutkimuksessa tilas-tomenetelmin\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin frekvenssijakaumia, ristiintaulukointia, \uf0632-testi\u00e4, t-testi\u00e4, faktoriana-lyysi\u00e4 sek\u00e4 bin\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 logistista regressioanalyysi\u00e4.\r\n\r\nReilu kolmannes pojista ja nelj\u00e4nnes tyt\u00f6ist\u00e4 liikkui v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n tunnin p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4, mik\u00e4 tarkoittaa, ett\u00e4 pojat saavuttavat tytt\u00f6j\u00e4 yleisemmin viralliset liikuntasuositukset. Pojista reilu kolmasosa ja tyt\u00f6ist\u00e4 vajaa kolmasosa liikkui vapaa-ajallaan heng\u00e4styen ja hikoillen 4\u20136 kertaa viikossa. Kes\u00e4liikuntalajeista suosituimpia olivat pojilla jalkapallo, py\u00f6r\u00e4ily ja uinti, tyt\u00f6ill\u00e4 uinti, py\u00f6r\u00e4ily ja juoksu. Suosituimmat talviliikuntalajit olivat pojilla hiihto, luistelu ja j\u00e4\u00e4kiekko, tyt\u00f6ill\u00e4 luistelu, hiihto ja laskettelu. Poikien t\u00e4rkeimpi\u00e4 liikunnan syit\u00e4 olivat hauskuus, hyv\u00e4 kunto sek\u00e4 kaverit, tyt\u00f6ill\u00e4 puolestaan kaverit, terveys ja hauskuus. Lasten mainitsemista liikunnan syist\u00e4 muodostettiin faktorianalyysin perusteella kolme summamuuttujaa. N\u00e4ist\u00e4 summamuuttujista t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4ksi liikunnan syyksi muodostui sosiaalisuus ja hauskanpito. T\u00e4m\u00e4 oli ainoa kokonaisliikunta-aktiivisuutta selitt\u00e4v\u00e4 liikunnan syy. Sukupuolella, asuinalueella ja muilla liikunnan syill\u00e4 ei ollut yhteytt\u00e4 lasten kokonaisliikunta-aktiivisuuteen. \r\n\r\nVerrattaessa tuloksia vuosien 2002 ja 2006 WHO-Koululaistutkimuksiin huomattiin, ett\u00e4 lii-kuntasuositukset t\u00e4ytt\u00e4vien 11-vuotiaiden lasten prosenttiosuus oli pienentynyt. Sukupuolten v\u00e4liset erot olivat pysyneet ennallaan, poikien liikkuessa tytt\u00f6j\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n. Lasten liikuntalajit n\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t pysyneen hyvin perinteisin\u00e4 ja liikunnan syist\u00e4 kilpailun- ja voittamisen halu olivat menett\u00e4neet merkityst\u00e4\u00e4n ja t\u00e4rkeimmiksi syiksi nousivat hauskanpito ja kavereiden tapaami-nen. Koulujen, urheiluseurojen ja muiden j\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen, jotka suunnittelevat ja tarjoavat lapille liikuntapalveluja, pit\u00e4isi varmistaa, ett\u00e4 lapset voivat liikkua sek\u00e4 urheilu- ett\u00e4 harrastemieless\u00e4.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAsiasanat: WHO-Koululaistutkimus, lapset, liikunta-aktiivisuus, liikuntalajit, liikunnan syyt", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "ABSTRACT\r\n\r\nPhysical activeness of 11-yeard-old children \u2013 HBSC Study \r\nLehto Anna Pauliina\r\nMaster`s Thesis of Health Education\r\nPeltola Maija Elisabet\r\nThesis, Advanced Studies, Health Education\r\nUniversity of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Health \r\nSciences \r\n2014\r\nPages 87, appendixes 1\r\n\r\nThe objective of this study was to analyze how physically active 11-year-old boys and girls are, what kinds of sports they do and which factors influence their physical activity. The dif-ferences between genders were also surveyed within these factors. Moreover, the associations between the gender, the place of residence, the reasons for doing sports and the overall time that was spent on physical activities was to be defined.\r\n\r\nThe study was based on the data from the 2010 HBSC Study. Questions about background information, overall activity, activity during free time and the types and reasons for exercise of 11-year-old (n=2463) children were analyzed. The frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, \uf0632-test, t-test, factor analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to answer re-search questions.\r\n\r\nMore than a third of the boys and a fourth of the girls were active for more than an hour a day, which means that boys reach the official recommendations of physical activity more often than girls. More than a third of the boys and a fourth of the girls were active for more than an hour a day. More than a one third of the boys and less than a third of the girls were active in order to get out of breath and sweaty, four to six times a week during their free time. The three most popular summer sports among the boys were football, cycling and swimming, and among the girls swimming, cycling and running. The most popular winter sports among the boys were skiing, skating and ice hockey, and among the girls skating, skiing and downhill skiing. The main reasons for the boys to do sports were fun, fitness and friends, for the girls the reasons were friends, health and fun. The most important factor for childrens exercising was socializing and having fun which was the only reason that was associated with the overall time spent on exercising. The gender, place of residence and other reasons for excercising were not associated with children\u00b4s overall physical activeness.\r\n\r\nWhen comparing the results of the 2002 and 2006 HBSC Study, it was found that the percentage of 11-year-old children meeting the recommendations of physical activity had decreased. Differences between genders have not changed and boys are more active than girls. Types of sport seems to have stayed traditional but the reasons for sport have changed; desire to win and to compete with other are no longer so important. For children seeing friends and having fun are more important. Schools, sport clubs and other organizations which plans and provides sport services for children should make sure that all children can practice both, competitive sports and sport as a hobby.\r\n\r\n\r\nKeywords: HBSC Study, children, physical activity, sports, reasons for sport", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Maija Peltola (maelhaap) on 2014-06-05 07:53:51.667782. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (2 tekij\u00e4\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-2-tekijaa). 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