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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Piirala, Mika", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2014-06-02T17:31:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2014-06-02T17:31:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2014", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1436209", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/43602", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "HIT (high intensity training) \u2013 harjoittelua ja sen vaikutuksia suorituskykyyn on tutkittu paljon mutta hermo-lihasja\u0308rjestelma\u0308n toimintaan liittyvia\u0308 tutkimuksia on varsin va\u0308ha\u0308n. Ta\u0308ma\u0308n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitta\u0308a\u0308 HIT \u2013 harjoittelun vaikutusta aktiivisten maastopyo\u0308ra\u0308ilijo\u0308iden fysiologiseen suorituskykyyn ja hermo-lihasja\u0308rjestelma\u0308n toimintaan seka\u0308 va\u0308symyksen sietoon.\r\nTutkittavina olivat 11 aktiivisesti harrastavaa maastopyo\u0308ra\u0308ilija\u0308a\u0308, jotka jaettiin harjoittelu- (N=5) ja kontrolliryhma\u0308a\u0308n (N=6). Harjoitteluryhma\u0308 suoritti kahden viikon aikana kuusi HIT harjoitusta maastopyo\u0308ra\u0308lla\u0308 ma\u0308kivetoina, jotka sisa\u0308lsiva\u0308t 4 - 6 x 30 s maksimaalista vetoa nelja\u0308 minuutin palautuksin. Ennen ja ja\u0308lkeen harjoittelujakson suoritettiin kesta\u0308vyyssuorituskyvyn seka\u0308 hermo-lihasja\u0308rjestelma\u0308n mittaukset. Maksimaalinen aerobinen ja anaerobinen (Wingate 30s testi) suorituskyky mitattiin polkupyo\u0308ra\u0308ergometrilla. Lisa\u0308ksi laktaattiarvot mitattiin suorituskykytestia\u0308 ennen ja sen ja\u0308lkeen. Hermo-lihasja\u0308rjestelma\u0308n mittaukset sisa\u0308lsiva\u0308t voimantuotto- ja EMG:n mittauksia. Voimantuotossa mitattiin maksimaalinen isometrinen polvenojennus voima seka\u0308 nopea voimantuotto 200 ms kohdalta. EMG mittauksiin kuuluivat lihasaktiivisuus voimantuoton alussa ja maksimivoimantuoton aikana (aEMG200, aEMGMVC vastus lateralis, rectus femoris lihaksista). Lisa\u0308ksi reisihermon sa\u0308hko\u0308stimulaation avulla mitattiin maksimaalisen M-aallon (RF lihas) amplitudi ja kesto seka\u0308 passiivisen nyka\u0308yksen (twitch) maksimivoima, voimantuottoaika (time-to-peak) ja voiman puoliintumisaika (half-relaxation-time). Hermo- lihasja\u0308rjestelma\u0308n mittaukset suoritettiin ennen maksimaalista polkupyo\u0308ra\u0308ergometritestia\u0308 ja va\u0308litto\u0308ma\u0308sti testin ja\u0308lkeen.\r\nSuorituskyky. HIT \u2013 harjoittelu lisa\u0308si Wingate -testin keskima\u0308a\u0308ra\u0308ista\u0308 tehoa (anaerobinen kapasiteetti) (7.4 \u00b1 2.9%, p < 0.01) harjoitteluryhma\u0308lla\u0308, kun taas kontrolliryhma\u0308lla\u0308 ei havaittu muutosta. Huipputeho (anaerobinen teho) ja maksimaalisessa aerobinen suorituskyky pysyi samana kummallakin ryhma\u0308lla\u0308. HIT \u2013 harjoittelun myo\u0308ta\u0308 Wingate - testin ja\u0308lkeen mitatuissa laktaattiarvoissa havaittiin positiivinen trendi harjoitteluryhma\u0308lla\u0308 (1 min: 13.9 \u00b1 19.5%, 4 min: 13.4 \u00b1 17.1%).\r\n\ufffc\r\nHermo-lihasja\u0308rjestelma\u0308. RF lihaksessa aEMGMVC \u2013suhde (va\u0308sytyksen ja\u0308lkeen verrattuna va\u0308sytysta\u0308 ennen mitattuihin arvoihin) parani harjoitteluryhma\u0308lla\u0308 (ennen harjoittelua 0.91 \u00b1 0.12, harjoittelun ja\u0308lkeen 1.10 \u00b1 0.08, p < 0.05). Polvenojennusvoimassa (MVC) oli positiivinen trendi harjoitteluryhma\u0308lla\u0308, kun verrattiin ennen va\u0308sytysta\u0308 ja va\u0308sytyksen ja\u0308lkeen mitattuja arvoja alku - ja loppumittauksen va\u0308lilla\u0308. M-aallossa amplitudin ja keston parametreissa ei ollut merkitseva\u0308a\u0308 muutosta va\u0308sytyksen tai harjoittelun seurauksena kummassakaan ryhma\u0308ssa\u0308. Passiivisen twitch:in voima va\u0308hentyi va\u0308sytyksen seurauksena harjoitteluryhma\u0308lla\u0308 (alku 16.6 \u00b1 8.0; loppu 15.9 \u00b1 5.2 Nm, etm) ja kontrolliryhma\u0308lla\u0308 (alku 12.3 \u00b1 11.9; loppu 16.6 \u00b1 11.2 Nm, etm). Passiivisen twitch:in ajallisissa muuttujissa (time- to-peak, half-relaxation-time) ei havaittu merkitseva\u0308a\u0308 muutosta kummallakaan ryhma\u0308lla\u0308.\r\nTutkimuksen perusteella kentta\u0308harjoitteluna la\u0308pi viety HIT \u2013 harjoittelu parantaa anaerobista suorituskykya\u0308 ja kasvattaa lihasaktiivisuutta (RF lihas). Sentraalisen aktivaation parantuminen na\u0308kyy myo\u0308s parempana va\u0308symyksen sietokykyna\u0308 voimantuotossa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Effects of HIT (High intensity training) to human performance have been widely investigated but less is known how it affects to neuromuscular system. The aim of this study was to examine whether HIT can increase physiological and neuromuscular performance in active mountain bikers.\r\nParticipants were 11 active mountain bikers who were assigned to training (N=5) and control groups (N=6). Training group performed HIT in two weeks period that consisted of 6 times 4-6 x 30 sec \u201dall-out\u201d exercises with 4 min active recovery by using mountain biking to uphill. Physiological performance measurements and neuromuscular measurements were carried out before and after the training session. Maximal aerobic and anaerobic (Wingate test 30sec) performances were measured by using a cycling ergometer. In addition blood lactate was measured before and after performance tests. Neuromuscular measurements were consisted of EMG and force production measurements. Maximal isometric knee extension torque and fast force production measured as a peak torque at 200ms were analyzed. EMG measurements were included muscle activity at the beginning of torque production and at maximal state of torque development (aEMG200, aEMGMVC of vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) muscles). In addition maximal M-wave (duration and amplitude from RF-muscle) and passive twitch (maximum force, time-to-peak and half relaxation time) were measured by using electrical stimulus to the femoral nerve. Neuromuscular assessment was carried out before (prefatigue) and immediately after (postfatigue) maximal exhaustive cycling ergometer test.\r\nPerformance. HIT induced an increase in Wingate average power (anaerobic capacity) (7.4 \u00b1 2.9%, p < 0.01) in training group, while no change was observed among control group. Peak power (anaerobic power) and maximal aerobic performance remained the same in both groups. Blood lactate after the Wingate test indicated positive trend in training group (1 min: 13.9 \u00b1 19.5%, 4 min: 13.4 \u00b1 17.1%).\r\nNeuromuscular system. aEMGMVC \u2013ratio change in RF (post fatigue compared to pre fatigue) was increased in training group (before training 0.91 \u00b1 0.12 and after training 1.10 \u00b1 0.08, p < 0.05). Positive trend was observed in knee extension force (MVC) when\r\n\ufffc\r\ncompared pre and post fatigue values between pre and post measurements in training group. Amplitude and duration of M-wave were not changed statistically significantly due to training or fatigue in either group. Force of passive twitch was decreased due to fatigue in training group (pre 16.6 \u00b1 8.0; post 15.9 \u00b1 5.2 Nm, ns) and in control group (pre 12.3 \u00b1 11.9; post 16.6 \u00b1 11.2 Nm, ns). Time-to-peak and half-relaxation-time of passive twitch were decreased similarly in both groups due to fatigue, however significance was not observed.\r\nResult of this study suggest that six HIT sessions can improve anaerobic performance and muscle activity (RF muscle). Enhanced central activation can be seen as better fatigue resistance in force production.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Mika Piirala (misepiir) on 2014-06-02 17:31:45.935400. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2014-06-02T17:31:46Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201406021900.pdf: 4072701 bytes, checksum: 00a33a9006b3adb05193eda9651ac821 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4947 bytes, checksum: 39d0dc8e1b84297b46460509359e8a73 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-02T17:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201406021900.pdf: 4072701 bytes, checksum: 00a33a9006b3adb05193eda9651ac821 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4947 bytes, checksum: 39d0dc8e1b84297b46460509359e8a73 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2014", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (58 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "HIT-harjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "HIT-harjoittelun vaikutus maastopy\u00f6r\u00e4ilij\u00f6iden suorituskykyyn ja hermo-lihasj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n toimintaan", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201406021900", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master's thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikuntabiologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biology of Physical Activity", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2014-06-02T17:31:47Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "maastopy\u00f6r\u00e4ily", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "elektromyografia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hermo-lihastoiminta", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "harjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "suorituskyky", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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