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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Hyt\u00f6nen, Jaana", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2013-12-30T16:51:03Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2013-12-30T16:51:03Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2013", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1290746", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/42726", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ty\u00f6n tavoitteena oli tutkia syit\u00e4, miksi biometaanin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 liikennepolttoaineena Suomessa ei ole yleistynyt, vaikka biokaasusta tuotetaan jo gigawattitunneittain energiaa s\u00e4hk\u00f6n ja l\u00e4mm\u00f6n muodossa. Lis\u00e4ksi luotiin malli biometaanin jakeluverkostosta Keski-Suomessa. Malli rajattiin koskemaan maatilojen karjanlannasta tuotettua biometaania.\nJ\u00e4teper\u00e4isest\u00e4 biokaasusta j\u00e4tevedenpuhdistamoiden ja kaatopaikkojen osalta suurin osa on jo hy\u00f6dynnetty s\u00e4hk\u00f6n- ja l\u00e4mm\u00f6ntuotannossa. Maatilojen potentiaalia on sen sijaan paljon hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4: Suomessa on t\u00e4ll\u00e4 hetkell\u00e4 yksi biometaanin maatilatankkausasema ja seitsem\u00e4n muuta biokaasusta yli 200 MWh/a l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 l\u00e4mp\u00f6\u00e4 tuottavaa maatilareaktorilaitosta. Suomen nauta- ja sikatilojen liikennebiokaasun tekninen tuotantopotentiaali olisi kuitenkin 51 120 milj. m3 eli 510-1200 GWh, mist\u00e4 riitt\u00e4isi energiaa 38000-89000 autolle. \nKeski-Suomessa on ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6lupien perusteella 55 yli 50 nautayksik\u00f6n suuruista tilaa. N\u00e4ist\u00e4 saataisiin muodostettua kahdeksan yhteism\u00e4d\u00e4tt\u00e4m\u00f6\u00e4 ja kolme yksitt\u00e4ist\u00e4 m\u00e4d\u00e4tt\u00e4m\u00f6\u00e4, joiden tuotanto olisi v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 200 nautayksik\u00f6n eli energiana liikennepolttoainek\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 yli 200 MWh/a. Yhteens\u00e4 n\u00e4iss\u00e4 tuotettaisiin 4,8 GWh energiaa, mik\u00e4 riitt\u00e4isi n. 360 autolle. Nelj\u00e4 m\u00e4d\u00e4tt\u00e4m\u00f6\u00e4 sijaitsisi kohtuullisella et\u00e4isyydell\u00e4 pienest\u00e4 taajamasta ja voisi siten k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 biokaasun tuottamiseen my\u00f6s esim. bioj\u00e4tett\u00e4 tai j\u00e4tevedenpuhdistamon lietett\u00e4. Suomessa kun maatilakokoluokan biokaasun tuotanto liikennepolttoaineeksi ei ole kannattavaa ilman porttimaksuja esim. j\u00e4tevesilietteen, bioj\u00e4tteen tai teollisuuden biohajoavien j\u00e4tteiden vastaanottamisesta. \nVuodesta 2011 maakaasuverkostoon on pumpattu my\u00f6s biokaasua. CNG-ajoneuvoja on luokkaa 1000 ja maakaasun jakelupisteit\u00e4, joissa on mahdollista tankata my\u00f6s biometaania, on 16. Kaasuverkostoa sijaitsee vain Etel\u00e4-Suomen alueella, joten kaasuautojen k\u00e4ytett\u00e4vyyden kannalta olisi t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 saada verkosta riippumattomia jakelupisteit\u00e4 muualle Suomeen. EU:n valmisteilla oleva direktiivi vaihtoehtoisten polttoaineiden infrastruktuurin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6notosta voisi tehd\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00e4n mahdolliseksi velvoittamalla j\u00e4senmaat j\u00e4rjest\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti kaasunjakelupisteit\u00e4 CNG-ajoneuvoille.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The purpose of this master\u00b4s thesis was to study the reasons why biomethane has not become more common as a traffic fuel in Finland although gigawatt-hours of energy are being produced from biogas. Also a model for a potential biomethane distribution network in Middle Finland was developed. The model was based on biomethane produced from livestock manure.\nMost of the biogas from WWT plants and landfills is already being used for electricity and heat production. But most of the potential of farms is not being used: there is nowadays only one farm with biomethane filling station and seven other farm biogas reactors producing over 200 MWh/a energy, mainly in the form of heat. The farms with cows and pigs as livestock would have the potential to produce 51-120 million m3 methane i.e. 510 1200 GWh energy. This would be enough for 38000 89000 cars. \nIn Middle Finland there are approximately 55 farms with over 50 livestock units according to granted environmental permits. Of these farms conuld be formed eight joint biogas reactors and three individual reactors producing over 200 MWh/a energy in the form of biomethane. Altogether these would produce 4,8 GWh energy, which would be enough for approximately 360 cars. Four reactors would be located within a reasonable distance from small population centers and might be using also e.g. biowaste or sewage sludge for biogas production: In Finland the farm scale biomethane production to traffic fuel is not profitable without gate fees from e.g. sewage sludge, bio waste or industrial biodegradable waste.\nSince 2011 biomethane has been pumped to natural gas network. There are approximately 1000 CNG-vehicles and 16 gas filling stations with the possibility to fuel with biomethane. The gas network is located only in the area of Southern Finland thus it would be important for the usage of gas vehicles to have distribution points, which are not depending on the network, in other parts of Finland. The EU directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure might make this possible by obligating the member states to ensure that CNG-vehicles are able to circulate union-wide.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Jaana Hyt\u00f6nen (jaanhyto) on 2013-12-30 16:51:02.415034. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2013-12-30T16:51:02Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201312302872.pdf: 1428715 bytes, checksum: 2e46cb31a950dd9c6ab7282a2e74ad53 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4869 bytes, checksum: 408aaf9c03705cf138a0741544458a25 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-30T16:51:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201312302872.pdf: 1428715 bytes, checksum: 2e46cb31a950dd9c6ab7282a2e74ad53 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4869 bytes, checksum: 408aaf9c03705cf138a0741544458a25 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2013", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (67 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biometaani", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Biokaasu liikennepolttoaineena", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201312302872", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.dcmitype", "value": "Text", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "dcmitype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Fysiikan laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Physics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Soveltava fysiikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Applied Physics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2013-12-30T16:51:04Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4023", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biokaasu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "metaani", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "polttoaineet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tuotanto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "jakelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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