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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Varis, Essi", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2013-06-07T13:31:10Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2013-06-07T13:31:10Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2013", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/41711", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan sarjakuvahahmojen rakentumista monitahoisena semioottis-kognitiivisena prosessina, jossa sarjakuvakielen erilaiset merkit yhdistyv\u00e4t muista medioista tuttuihin henkil\u00f6hahmokonventioihin ja lukijoiden ihmisk\u00e4sityksiin. Suurennuslasin alla ovat erityisesti angloamerikkalaiset sarjakuvaromaanit ja kognitiiviset henkil\u00f6hahmoteoriat. \r\n\r\nTutkimuskysymykset kiteytyv\u00e4t siihen, kuinka irralliset kuva- ja tekstielementit yhdistet\u00e4\u00e4n ajatusrakennelmiksi, jotka sek\u00e4 muistuttavat ett\u00e4 eiv\u00e4t muistuta k\u00e4sityksi\u00e4mme todellisista ihmisist\u00e4. Koska sarjakuvahahmoista ei ole luotu aiempaa teoriaa, tutkimuksessa luetaan ristiin yht\u00e4\u00e4lt\u00e4 kirjallisuuden henkil\u00f6hahmoteorioita ja toisaalta yleist\u00e4 sarjakuvateoriaa. Aluksi E.M. Forsterin, W.J. Harveyn, Baruch Hochmanin ja Aleid Fokkeman n\u00e4kemysten pohjalta kootaan yhten\u00e4inen, lukijan kognitioihin ja merkkidataan perustuva henkil\u00f6hahmok\u00e4sitys. Soveltamalla t\u00e4t\u00e4 kirjallisuusl\u00e4ht\u00f6ist\u00e4 hahmok\u00e4sityst\u00e4 sarjakuvien kontekstiin, voidaan oppia ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n paitsi sarjakuvahahmoja sin\u00e4ns\u00e4 my\u00f6s niiden eroja ja yht\u00e4l\u00e4isyyksi\u00e4 kirjallisuuden hahmoihin n\u00e4hden. T\u00e4t\u00e4 intertekstuaalista n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmaa syvent\u00e4\u00e4 edelleen W.G. M\u00fcllerin interfiguraalisuusteoria. Lopuksi sarjakuvan institutionaalisten,semioottisten ja rakenteellisten erityispiirteiden vaikutusta henkil\u00f6hahmoihin tarkastellaan sek\u00e4 teorian ett\u00e4 tapaustutkimusten tasolla. Scott McCloudin sarjakuvateoria sek\u00e4 l\u00e4hilukuun valikoituneet arvostetut sarjakuvaromaanit \u2013 Neil Gaimanin \"The Sandman\", Alan Mooren ja Dave Gibbonsin \"Watchmen\", Art Spiegelmanin \"Maus\" sek\u00e4 Mike Careyn ja Peter Grossin \"The Unwritten\" \u2013 paljastavat kaikki erilaisia\r\npuolia sek\u00e4 henkil\u00f6hahmoista ett\u00e4 sarjakuvan kerrontatekniikoista. \r\n\r\nSarjakuvan monimuotoiset ja sirpaleiset merkkirakenteet n\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t vaikuttavan muun muassa\r\nhenkil\u00f6hahmojen realismiin, koherenssiin ja samastuttavuuteen. Kuvat ja sanat kykenev\u00e4t sarjakuvissa liikkumaan useilla abstraktiotasoilla ja limittyv\u00e4t n\u00e4in sek\u00e4 henkil\u00f6hahmojen sis\u00e4isten ett\u00e4 ulkoisten aspektien kuvauksessa useilla mimeettisill\u00e4 ja figuratiivisilla tavoilla. Toisaalta kuvan ja sanan osittainen p\u00e4\u00e4llekk\u00e4isyys n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi luovan erityisen joustavia ja yhten\u00e4isi\u00e4 hahmoja. Vahva koherenssi auttaa hahmoja selviytym\u00e4\u00e4n ruutujen, pelkistettyjen viivojen sek\u00e4 eri teosten ja tekij\u00f6iden v\u00e4liin j\u00e4\u00e4vist\u00e4 aukoista. Aukot ja sirpaleisuus n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isiv\u00e4t puolestaan luovan tilaa lukijalle ja transtekstuaalisille elementeille, toisin sanoen vahvistavan hahmojen samastuttavuutta ja taipumusta intertekstuaalisuuteen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Essi Varis (esemvari) on 2013-06-07 13:31:09.358017. Form: Lisensiaatinty\u00f6-lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/lisensiaatintyo-lomake). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2013-06-07T13:31:10Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201306071922.pdf: 5815219 bytes, checksum: 31fe01c3be81f5df2a457923b37c41d2 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4989 bytes, checksum: 6ee508db95044a451632391d36c8e051 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-07T13:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201306071922.pdf: 5815219 bytes, checksum: 31fe01c3be81f5df2a457923b37c41d2 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4989 bytes, checksum: 6ee508db95044a451632391d36c8e051 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2013", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto.", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Gaiman, Neil", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Spiegelman, Art", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Moore, Alan", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Carey, Mike", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "interfiguraalisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "A frame of you : construction of characters in graphic novels", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title.alternative", "value": "Construction of characters in graphic novels", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": "alternative", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "licentiate thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201306071922", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.dcmitype", "value": "Text", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "dcmitype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Licentiate thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Lisensiaatinty\u00f6", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taiteiden ja kulttuurin tutkimuksen laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Art and Cultural Studies", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Kirjallisuus", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Literature", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2013-06-07T13:31:11Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": 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