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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kraama, Liisa", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2013-04-29T11:57:51Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2013-04-29T11:57:51Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2013", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1259834", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/41277", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kraama, Liisa. 2013. Kahdeksan viikon fyysisen harjoittelun vaikutus lasten fyysiseen suorituskykyyn ja syd\u00e4men sykevaihteluun. Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto, Liikuntabiologian laitos. Liikuntafysiologian Pro gradu \u2013tutkielma. 52 s.\nLasten ja kasvuik\u00e4isten nuorten fyysinen aktiivisuus ja aerobinen kapasiteetti ovat v\u00e4hentyneet viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana. Fyysisesti aktiivisilla aikuisilla on todettu olevan enemm\u00e4n syd\u00e4men sykevaihtelua kuin v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n aktiivisilla. Aikuisilla on harjoittelun aikaansaamien fyysisen suorituskyvyn muutosten todettu olevan yhteydess\u00e4 sykevaihtelun, erityisesti parasympaattista aktiivisuutta kuvaavaan korkean taajuuden sykevaihtelun, kasvuun. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 pro gradu -tutkielmassa oli tarkoitus selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, voiko kahdeksan viikon ohjattu fyysinen harjoittelu parantaa lasten sek\u00e4 fyysist\u00e4 suorituskyky\u00e4 ett\u00e4 syd\u00e4men autonomisia toimintoja.\nTestiryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 oli 12 tytt\u00f6\u00e4 ja 12 poikaa ja kontrolliryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 7 tytt\u00f6\u00e4 ja 7 poikaa. Kaikki osallistujat olivat 12\u201315 vuotiaita koululaisia. Fyysiseen harjoitteluun kuului l\u00e4mmittely\u00e4 10 min, kuntopiiriharjoittelua t\u00e4rkeimmille lihasryhmille 20 min, aerobista kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelua 20\u201330min (pallopelej\u00e4, h\u00f6lkk\u00e4\u00e4) ja lopuksi venyttely\u00e4 ja rentoutumista noin 10min. Ohjattua harjoittelua oli kolme kertaa viikossa kahdeksan viikon ajan. Kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelun teho oli 70 - 75 % maksimisykkeest\u00e4. Seuraavat mittaukset tehtiin ennen ja j\u00e4lkeen harjoittelujakson: kest\u00e4vyyskuntotesti (juoksua ensin 7 km/t ja vauhtia lis\u00e4t\u00e4\u00e4n 0,2 km/t aina 30s v\u00e4lein), liikkuvuus- ja notkeustesti (istuvillaan eteen kurkottaen), 30 m nopeustesti ja voimamittaukset (vauhditon pituushyppy ja 3kg kuntopallon heitto). Sykevaihtelun matala (LF) ja korkea (HF) taajuus mitattiin sek\u00e4 seisoma- ett\u00e4 makuuasennosta. Paino, painoindeksi, lihasmassan m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ja kehon rasvaprosentti m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin my\u00f6s ennen harjoittelujaksoa ja sen j\u00e4lkeen.\nTestiryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4 kest\u00e4vyyskuntoa mittaavaan sukkulajuoksun aika piteni (p<0,001). Aika ei muuttunut kontrolliryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4. Notkeus ja pallonheitto paranivat testiryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 (p<0,05), mutta kontrolliryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 ei tapahtunut muutoksia. Vaikka testiryhm\u00e4n LF/HF seisoma-asennosta mitattuna laski (p=0,114) ja HF nousi (p=0,187) hiukan, mit\u00e4\u00e4n merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 muutoksia ei havaittu kummassakaan ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4. Kest\u00e4vyystulosten ja sykevaihtelumuuttujien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei l\u00f6ydetty merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 korrelaatioita.\nOhjatun fyysisen harjoittelun m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n lis\u00e4\u00e4minen oli selv\u00e4sti hy\u00f6dyllist\u00e4, mik\u00e4 k\u00e4y ilmi testiryhm\u00e4n parantuneista suorituskykyarvoista. Vaikka testiryhm\u00e4n kest\u00e4vyyskyky parani ja pieni\u00e4 muutoksia havaittiin my\u00f6s sykevaihteluarvoissa, niiden v\u00e4linen yhteys ei ollut yht\u00e4 selke\u00e4 kuin mit\u00e4 aikuisilla on havaittu.\nAvainsanat: kasvuik\u00e4iset lapset, kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu, syd\u00e4men sykevaihtelu", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "ABSTRACT\nKraama, Liisa. 2013. Effects of eight weeks physical training on physical performance and heart rate variability in children. University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Department of Biology of Physical Activity. Master\u2019s Thesis in Exercise Physiology. 52 pp.\nPhysical activity and aerobic capacity have decreased among children and adolescents during the last decades. Physically active adults have been shown to have higher heart rate variability (HRV) than less active adults. In adults training-induced changes in physical performance have been shown to be related to increase in HRV, especially in high frequency component (HF), which is a marker of parasympathetic activity. The purpose of this study was to examine, if the physical activity level of secondary school pupils is associated with the functions of the autonomic nervous system and if 8 weeks of instructed physical training could improve both the physical performance and cardiac autonomic function in children. The functions of the autonomic nervous system were measured by heart rate variability.\nThe test group had 12 girls and 12 boys and the control group 7 girls and 7 boys. All the subjects were 13-15 years old pupils. Physical training included warm up (10min), circuit training (20min), endurance training (running and playing 20-30 min), stretching and relaxing (10 min) 3 times a week for eight weeks. Intensity during endurance training was 70-75% of maximal heart rate. The following measurements were done both before and after the physical training period: endurance test (running tests starting from 7km/h and increasing by 0.2 km every 30 s), flexibility test (sit and reach), speed (30m sprinting) and power (3kg medicine ball throwing, standing long jump) tests. The low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components of HRV were also measured in supine rest and in standing conditions before and after the eight weeks period as well as body mass, body mass index, fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass.\nTime to exhaustion in the endurance test increased in the test group (p<0.001) and did not change in the control group. Flexibility and ball throwing improved in the test group (p<0.05) while no changes were observed in the control group. Although LF/HF in standing condition decreased (p=0.114) and HF increased (p=0.187) slightly in the test group, no significant changes were observed in HRV variables in either group. Neither were there any significant correlations found between HRV and endurance parameters.\nIncreased instructed physical training was clearly beneficial as shown by many improved performance parameters in the test group. Even though endurance capacity increased and slight changes were seen in LF/HF and HF in the test group, the association between was not as clear as earlier seen among adults. In conclusion, eight weeks physical training improves adolescents\u2019 physical performance, but it does not affect autonomic cardiac function.\nKeywords: adolescents, endurance exercise, heart rate variability", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Liisa Kraama (lipakraa) on 2013-04-29 11:57:50.851833. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). 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