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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Al-Ebrashy, Ahmed", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2013-04-26T13:09:52Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2013-04-26T13:09:52Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2013", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1259791", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/41269", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 tutkittiin kokeellisesti rapujen simpukoihin kohdistuvaa predaatiota. K\u00e4ytetyt rapulajit olivat jokirapu Astacus astacus ja amerikkalainen tulokaslaji t\u00e4pl\u00e4rapu Pascifastacus leniusculus. Jokirapupredaatiota tutkittiin pikkuj\u00e4rvisimpukalla Anodonta anatina ja t\u00e4pl\u00e4rapupredaatiota pikkuj\u00e4rvisimpukalla sek\u00e4 jokihelmisimpukalla Margaritifera margaritifera Kokeissa ravut laitettiin yksitt\u00e4in 15 litran l\u00e4pivirtausaltaisiin simpukan/simpukoiden kanssa. T\u00e4pl\u00e4rapu osoittautui tehokkaammaksi predaattoriksi onnistuen aukaisemaan seitsem\u00e4n 42:sta Anodontasta. Jokirapu ei saanut avattua yht\u00e4\u00e4n 37:st\u00e4 Anodontasta. Aukaisemisen ja pehmytosien sy\u00f6misen lis\u00e4ksi rapujen havaittiin nakertavan simpukoiden kuorten reunoja yritt\u00e4ess\u00e4\u00e4n saada kuorta auki. Puremaj\u00e4lki\u00e4 todettiin kaikissa t\u00e4pl\u00e4ravun kanssa yhteen laitetuissa Anodonta-simpukoissa, mutta ei yhdess\u00e4k\u00e4\u00e4n kontrollisimpukassa. Puremaj\u00e4lki\u00e4 esiintyi eniten kuoren etu- ja takap\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4, l\u00e4hell\u00e4 isoja kuorensulkijalihaksia. Puremaj\u00e4lkien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ja laajuus oli l\u00e4hell\u00e4 kuorensulkijalihaksia korkein juuri niiss\u00e4 tapauksissa, miss\u00e4 rapu oli onnistunut avaamaan simpukan, mik\u00e4 kertoo mahdollisesti siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 kyky kohdistaa purenta n\u00e4ihin kohtiin on ravun kannalta edullista predaatiohetkell\u00e4. Predaatiotodenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyys kasvoi, kun ravun koko kasvoi suhteessa simpukan kokoon, eli pienet simpukat olivat ravuille helpompi kohde. Kaikki onnistuneet predaatiotapahtumat tulivat isokokoisten koirasrapujen taholta, kun taas pienet ravut tai naarasravut eiv\u00e4t onnistuneet avaaman yht\u00e4\u00e4n simpukkaa. T\u00e4pl\u00e4rapujen ei annettu avata yht\u00e4\u00e4n 17:sta jokihelmisimpukasta, mutta my\u00f6s niill\u00e4 kaikilla havaittiin puremaj\u00e4lki\u00e4 kuoren reunassa. Suoranaisen tappamisen lis\u00e4ksi ravut voivat siis kiusata ja stressata simpukoita, mukaan lukien uhanalainen jokihelmisimpukka.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Noble crayfish Astacus astacus that is native to the Finnish lakes and signal crayfish Pascifastacus leniusculus that has been introduced to the Finnish lakes were used to test their impact on mussels. The noble crayfish predation was tested on the duck mussel Anodonta anatina while the signal crayfish predation was studied on both A. anatina and the endangered pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera. The laboratory experiments were carried in Konnevesi Research Station. Crayfish were placed individually in a 15 L flow-through tank without substrate. Male signal crayfish were the only successful predators of mussels eating 7 out of 42 Anodonta mussels while noble crayfish did not manage to open any mussels. Bites around the mussel edges were found in all A. anatina and M. margaritifera mussels exposed to signal and noble crayfish while none of the control mussel shells exhibited such bites. Most of the bites were located on posterior and anterior ends of the shell, close to the adductor muscles. The signal crayfish that has successfully eaten the mussel had damaged the posterior and anterior parts of shell, close to the adductor muscles. Small mussels were easier pray for crayfish. All successful predators were large male crayfish while small and female crayfish did not manage to open mussels. So, the results indicate that crayfish predation on mussels is possible, and that crayfish can also affect mussels by biting the shell edges.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Ahmed Al-Ebrashy (ahmaale) on 2013-04-26 13:09:52.065823. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2013-04-26T13:09:52Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201304261511.pdf: 1149862 bytes, checksum: b82d0dc79a16405bce451eee1130d142 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-26T13:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201304261511.pdf: 1149862 bytes, checksum: b82d0dc79a16405bce451eee1130d142 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2013", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "27 sivua", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Anodonta", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Astacus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Bivalve", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "impact", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Margaritifera", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Pacifastacus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Unionidae", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Margaritifera", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Pacifastacus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Unionidae", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "vaikutus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Crayfish predation on mussels : an experimental approach", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201304261511", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.dcmitype", "value": "Text", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "dcmitype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Akvaattiset tieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Aquatic sciences", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2013-04-26T13:09:53Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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