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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Warren, Katie", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2013-04-22T11:13:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2013-04-22T11:13:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2012", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1259275", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/41233", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Biokaasua voidaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 l\u00e4mm\u00f6n- ja energiantuotannon polttoaineena tai puhdistaa ja\njalostaa k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4ksi esimerkiksi ajoneuvojen polttoaineena . Prosessissa vapautuvaa\nhiilidioksidia voidaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 teollisuudessa. Euroopassa k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4t p\u00e4\u00e4asialliset\nbiokaasun jalostustekniikat ovat PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) sek\u00e4 vesipesu (Water\nScrubbing). T\u00e4m\u00e4n ty\u00f6n ensimm\u00e4inen tavoite on vertailla pienten, keskisuurten sek\u00e4\nsuurten biokaasun jalostuslaitosten taloudellisuutta Euroopassa. Toinen tavoite on arvioida\npienten biokaasulaitosten teknisi\u00e4 mahdollisuuksia Euroopassa. Tutkimusmenetelm\u00e4n\u00e4 on\nk\u00e4ytetty kyselylomaketta, joka on l\u00e4hetetty biokaasulaitosten omistajille/operoijille.\nKyselyn tarkoituksena on selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 biokaasulaitosten teknisi\u00e4 kysymyksi\u00e4, prosesseja,\nenergian k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 sek\u00e4 taloudellisuutta. Aiheeseen syvennyt\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6s kirjallisuuden kautta.\nTaloudellisin kokoluokka biokaasulaitokselle on v\u00e4lill\u00e4 500 ja 1400 Nm3 raakaa biokaasua\ntunnissa tuottava laitos. Pienien biokaasulaitosten (alle 150 Nm3/h) ei kannata siirt\u00e4\u00e4\nbiokaasua kaasuverkkoon tai kaupallisille polttoaineasemille. Toisaalta pieni\u00e4\nbiokaasulaitoksia voidaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 paikallisesti pieniss\u00e4 yhteis\u00f6iss\u00e4 tuottamaan l\u00e4mp\u00f6\u00e4\nja s\u00e4hk\u00f6\u00e4 sek\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00f6voimaksi maatalouskoneille. Mukaan pienill\u00e4 biokaasulaitoksilla on\nsuuremmat yksikk\u00f6kustannukset kuin suuremmilla laitoksilla. Suurempia biokaasulaitoksia\nk\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4nkin korkeampaan kannattavuuteen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Biogas can be cleaned and upgraded to be used as a vehicle fuel, injection into the gas grid,\nheat and power generation. The carbon dioxide removed from the process can be used be\nutilized by industry. The main biogas upgrading technologies in Europe are Pressure\nSwing Adsorption and Water Scrubbing. The first objective is to compare the economics\nof small, medium and large scale biogas upgrading plants in Europe. The second objective\nis to evaluate the technical feasibility of small scale biogas upgrading in Europe. This\nstudy used a self-designed questionnaire which is sent to biogas plant owners/operators.\nThe questionnaire aims to assess the technical issues, process conditions, biogas\nproduction, the upgrading system, energy use and economics. It also included an in-depth\nliterature review.\nIt was evaluated that the economies of scale favour larger biogas plants where the desired\nscale should be between 500 and 1,400 Nm3/hour of raw biogas. It is also not economically\nfeasible for biogas plant smaller than 150 Nm3/hour to injection into the grid or for\ncommercial fuel stations. However, small scale biogas upgrading can be used to locally\nwithin small communities to heat, electric and vehicle farm which could be for example\nused on farm scale locations. The economics for smaller plants had much higher specific\ncosts that the larger biogas upgrading plants. The economies of scale therefore, show that\nthe larger plants are favoured for producing higher quality gas, lower methane loses, higher\nplant efficiency and higher profitability. The profit per Nm3 of upgraded biogas should be\naround 0.35-0.45 \u20ac to achiever the payback time of 5 years with small scale plants. This\nmeans that the cost price for biogas upgrading for small scale plants should be less than\n0.20-0.30 \u20ac/ Nm3.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Miia Hakanen (mihakane) on 2013-04-22 11:13:44.847439. Form: Admin-lomake Pro gradu -t\u00f6ille (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/admin-lomake-pro-gradu-toille). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2013-04-22T11:13:45Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201304221478.pdf: 1184293 bytes, checksum: deaf1034ce9389cb6fe6fae67a59cb5f (MD5)\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-22T11:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201304221478.pdf: 1184293 bytes, checksum: deaf1034ce9389cb6fe6fae67a59cb5f (MD5)\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2012", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "44 sivua", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biokaasun jalostus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biokaasun puhdistus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biometaani", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Eurooppa", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Ruotsi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Suomi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Saksa", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "A techno-economic comparison of biogas upgrading technologies in Europe", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201304221478", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.dcmitype", "value": "Text", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "dcmitype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kemian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Uusiutuva energia (maisteriohjelma)", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Master's Degree Programme in Renewable Energy", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2013-04-22T11:13:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4037", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biokaasu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "jalostus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "energiantuotanto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biokaasulaitokset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "Eurooppa", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "Ruotsi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "Suomi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "Saksa", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": 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