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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Vahaluoto, Satu", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2013-03-01T09:16:07Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2013-03-01T09:16:07Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2013", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1255024", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/41007", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneist\u00e4 ihmisist\u00e4 noin kolmannes kokee yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4. Yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemus uhkaa ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden ihmisten terveytt\u00e4 ja heikent\u00e4\u00e4 hyvinvointia sek\u00e4 liikkumiskyky\u00e4. Yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemukseen yhteydess\u00e4 olevia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4 on kartoitettu paljon, mutta fyysisen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n yhteytt\u00e4 yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemukseen ei ole viel\u00e4 tutkittu. Fyysisen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n esteet rajoittavat tai est\u00e4v\u00e4t ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden ihmisten ulkona liikkumista sek\u00e4 kotoa ulos p\u00e4\u00e4semist\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n pro gradu- tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, onko ulkoymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n esteill\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden ihmisten yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemukseen.\n\nTutkimuksessa k\u00e4ytettiin Life Space Mobility in Old Age -hankkeen vuoden 2012 haastatteluaineistoa. Tutkimukseen osallistui 848 Muuramen ja Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n alueella kotona itsen\u00e4isesti asuvaa 75-90 -vuotiasta ihmist\u00e4. Aineistoa tarkasteltiin frekvenssijakaumien, ristiintaulukoin-nin, \u03c7\u00b2-testin ja riippumattomien otosten t-testin avulla. Logistisen regressioanalyysin avulla selvitettiin fyysisen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n esteiden yhteytt\u00e4 yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemukseen sek\u00e4 liikkumiskyvyn ja osallistumisen vaikutusta t\u00e4h\u00e4n yhteyteen.\n\nIk\u00e4\u00e4ntyneist\u00e4 ihmisist\u00e4 28 % koki yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4. Yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 kokevat ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet ihmiset raportoivat merkitsev\u00e4sti enemm\u00e4n ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n esteit\u00e4 kuin henkil\u00f6t, jotka eiv\u00e4t kokeneet yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4. He raportoivat merkitsev\u00e4sti (p<0.001) muita ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneit\u00e4 ihmisi\u00e4 useammin lumen ja j\u00e4\u00e4n talviaikaan, m\u00e4kisen maaston, kaltevien pintojen, korkeiden jalkak\u00e4yt\u00e4vien reunakivetyksien, pitk\u00e4n matkan kauppaan ja muihin palveluihin sek\u00e4 ovien ja sis\u00e4portaiden vaikeuttavan tai est\u00e4v\u00e4n ulkona liikkumista tai kotoa ulos p\u00e4\u00e4semist\u00e4. Yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 kokevien liikkumiskyky oli my\u00f6s heikompi kuin niiden henkil\u00f6iden, jotka eiv\u00e4t kokeneet yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 (p<0.001). Osallistuminen ryhm\u00e4- ja kerhotoimintaan, kulttuuritoimintoihin tai ulkoiluun eiv\u00e4t eronneet merkitsev\u00e4sti yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 kokevien ja muiden ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden ihmisten v\u00e4lill\u00e4.\n\nFyysisen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n esteiden yhteydest\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden ihmisten yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemukseen ei ole aikaisempaa tutkimusn\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4. Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n esteet lis\u00e4siv\u00e4t todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyytt\u00e4 yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemukselle. Tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan fyysisen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n ja yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemuksen v\u00e4linen yhteys ei selittynyt yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 kokevien huonommalla liikuntakyvyll\u00e4 tai v\u00e4h\u00e4isen osallistumisaktiivisuuden avulla. Yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemuksen todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyytt\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4vi\u00e4 ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n esteit\u00e4 olivat sis\u00e4portaat, lumi ja j\u00e4\u00e4 talviaikaan, pitk\u00e4 matka kauppaan ja muihin palveluihin, vaaralliset risteykset, ovet sek\u00e4 m\u00e4kinen maasto ja kaltevat pinnat.\n\nYksin\u00e4isyyden ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n v\u00e4list\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 olisi syyt\u00e4 tarkastella jatkossa pitkitt\u00e4isasetelmalla syy ja seuraus suhteen selvitt\u00e4miseksi.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "A third of older people report loneliness. The feeling of loneliness threatens the health of older people, lowers their wellbeing and underlies mobility decline. The risk factors for loneliness have been surveyed a lot but the association between the barriers of the physical environment and loneliness has not been studied earlier. The barriers of the physical environment may restrict older people from going outside their home. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the physical barriers of the outdoor environment and the loneliness among older people.\n\nThe study is part of the Life Space Mobility in Old Age-project. The interviews were performed in 2012. The study involved 848 75 to 90-year-old people living independently in the Muurame and Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 municipalities. Data were analysed with the SPSS 18 software. Data were analyzed by computing frequencies, crosstabulations and independent samples t-test. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the most common barriers in the outdoor environment and the feeling of loneliness. The effect of the mobility limitation and participating in different activities on this association were also studied by adding these variables into the regression model as covariates.\n\nOlder people who suffer from loneliness reported significantly more environmental barriers than older people not reporting loneliness. Snow and ice in winter time, hilly terrain, sloping surfaces, high kerbstones, longdistance to shops and other services, doors and stairs inside the house were reported significantly more often\n(p <0.001) to prevent or hinder outdoor mobility among older people who experienced loneliness. Their mobility status was also significantly lower than mobility of those who did not report loneliness (p<0.001). The participation in group and club activities, cultural activities or outdoor activities did not differ significantly between groups.\n\nAccording to this study the barriers of the outdoor environment increased the risk of loneliness. Poorer mobility or lower participation activity among those reporting loneliness did not underline the association. The most common barriers to increase the risk of loneliness are stairs inside the house, snow and ice in winter, long distance to shops and other services as well as hilly terrain, heavy doors, dangerous crossroads and sloping surfaces.\n\nThe association between the barriers of physical environment and loneliness should be studied further utilizing longitudinal study designs to enable better understanding of causality.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Satu Vahaluoto (sajovaha) on 2013-03-01 09:16:06.832719. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2013-03-01T09:16:07Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201303011287.pdf: 482712 bytes, checksum: f3e09482d1ce4b8d33a3ff6b4c899dbb (MD5)\nlicense.html: 5030 bytes, checksum: b919cfc4aa2591bd50817f47e75f3e21 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-01T09:16:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201303011287.pdf: 482712 bytes, checksum: f3e09482d1ce4b8d33a3ff6b4c899dbb (MD5)\nlicense.html: 5030 bytes, checksum: b919cfc4aa2591bd50817f47e75f3e21 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2013", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "45 sivua", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "vanheneminen", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ulkoymp\u00e4rist\u00f6", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet ihmiset", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "yksin\u00e4isyys", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n esteet", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "v\u00e4est\u00f6tutkimus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Ulkoymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n fyysisten esteiden yhteys ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden ihmisten yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemukseen", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, 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