The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s

This master’s thesis deals with the idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s. The Nation of Islam was a religious and socio-political organization for African-Americans that was founded in 1930 in Detroit. In the 19...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Husu, Hanna-Mari
Other Authors: Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Humanistinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos, Historian ja etnologian laitos, Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän yliopisto
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2007
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/38179
_version_ 1826225701352636416
author Husu, Hanna-Mari
author2 Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Humanistinen tiedekunta Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty of Humanities Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos Historian ja etnologian laitos Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy Department of History and Ethnology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_facet Husu, Hanna-Mari Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Humanistinen tiedekunta Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty of Humanities Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos Historian ja etnologian laitos Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy Department of History and Ethnology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto Husu, Hanna-Mari Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Humanistinen tiedekunta Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty of Humanities Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos Historian ja etnologian laitos Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy Department of History and Ethnology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_sort Husu, Hanna-Mari
datasource_str_mv jyx
description This master’s thesis deals with the idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s. The Nation of Islam was a religious and socio-political organization for African-Americans that was founded in 1930 in Detroit. In the 1950s, it was the fastest growing and most influential of the organizations that emphasized black radicalism. I focus on the rhetoric acts of Elijah Muhammad (a head of the organization) and Malcolm X. In the earlier studies, identity and self-determination were considered key factors. Usually, these types of studies emphasized the importance of identity and self-determination in explaining black radicalism. However, they were problematic because scholars have not been exact when defining concepts such as identity and self-determination. Therefore, we need to have a more specific approach to the topic, which helps us to conceptualize identity and self-determination. I suggest that, in addition to self-determination, we need the concept of self-definition in order to understand aspects of identity in the Nation of Islam and black radicalism The difference between self-determination and self-definition is that I defined self-determination as empowerment, which includes control over one’s life, coping and goal-orientated action. Separation refers to the Nation of Islam’s aspiration for physically separated space, in which control over their own recourses was possible. Self-determination is insufficient in understanding the Nation of Islam because psychological and identity-related issues are understood merely in their relation to self-motivation and well-being. Self-definition, on the other hand, is important because it refers more to psychological factors, status and recognition. The aspiration for separation is seen as an attempt to avoid negative self-identity and creating their own separated space from whites, within which efforts of reconstructing identity are possible.
first_indexed 2023-03-22T09:59:00Z
format Pro gradu
fullrecord [{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Husu, Hanna-Mari", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2012-07-10T10:17:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2012-07-10T10:17:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2007", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1223018", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/38179", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "This master\u2019s thesis deals with the idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s. The Nation of Islam was a religious and socio-political organization for African-Americans that was founded in 1930 in Detroit. In the 1950s, it was the fastest growing and most influential of the organizations that emphasized black radicalism. I focus on the rhetoric acts of Elijah Muhammad (a head of the organization) and Malcolm X.\r\nIn the earlier studies, identity and self-determination were considered key factors. Usually, these types of studies emphasized the importance of identity and self-determination in explaining black radicalism. However, they were problematic because scholars have not been exact when defining concepts such as identity and self-determination. Therefore, we need to have a more specific approach to the topic, which helps us to conceptualize identity and self-determination. I suggest that, in addition to self-determination, we need the concept of self-definition in order to understand aspects of identity in the Nation of Islam and black radicalism\r\nThe difference between self-determination and self-definition is that I defined self-determination as empowerment, which includes control over one\u2019s life, coping and goal-orientated action. Separation refers to the Nation of Islam\u2019s aspiration for physically separated space, in which control over their own recourses was possible. Self-determination is insufficient in understanding the Nation of Islam because psychological and identity-related issues are understood merely in their relation to self-motivation and well-being. Self-definition, on the other hand, is important because it refers more to psychological factors, status and recognition. The aspiration for separation is seen as an attempt to avoid negative self-identity and creating their own separated space from whites, within which efforts of reconstructing identity are possible.", "language": "", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Miia Hakanen (mihakane) on 2012-07-10 10:17:45.655506. Form: Admin-lomake Pro gradu -t\u00f6ille (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/admin-lomake-pro-gradu-toille). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2012-07-10T10:17:46Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201207102044.pdf: 763873 bytes, checksum: 21e2f5f059c0d5f1613624d5c7f60fb4 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-10T10:17:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201207102044.pdf: 763873 bytes, checksum: 21e2f5f059c0d5f1613624d5c7f60fb4 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 107 bytes, checksum: a7d86e598caa500b1b433bbb9dc8ef1c (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2007", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "118 sivua", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Malcolm X", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Muhammad, Elijah", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "The Nation of Islam", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201207102044", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.dcmitype", "value": "Text", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "dcmitype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Social Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Historian ja etnologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of History and Ethnology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Sosiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Sociology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Yleinen historia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "General History", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2012-07-10T10:17:46Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "203", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "3033", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "islam", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "itsem\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4minen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "This material has a restricted access due to copyright reasons. It can be read at the workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library reserved for the use of archival materials: https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities.", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Aineistoon p\u00e4\u00e4sy\u00e4 on rajoitettu tekij\u00e4noikeussyist\u00e4. Aineisto on luettavissa Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6asemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
id jyx.123456789_38179
language eng
last_indexed 2025-02-18T10:55:18Z
main_date 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z
main_date_str 2007
publishDate 2007
record_format qdc
source_str_mv jyx
spellingShingle Husu, Hanna-Mari The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s Malcolm X Muhammad, Elijah The Nation of Islam Sosiologia Yleinen historia Sociology General History 203 3033 islam itsemäärääminen
title The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s
title_full The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s
title_fullStr The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s
title_full_unstemmed The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s
title_short The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s
title_sort idea of separation in self determination and in self definition in the nation of islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s
title_txtP The idea of separation in self-determination and in self-definition in the Nation of Islam from the late 1950s to the early 1960s
topic Malcolm X Muhammad, Elijah The Nation of Islam Sosiologia Yleinen historia Sociology General History 203 3033 islam itsemäärääminen
topic_facet 203 3033 General History Malcolm X Muhammad, Elijah Sociology Sosiologia The Nation of Islam Yleinen historia islam itsemäärääminen
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/38179 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201207102044
work_keys_str_mv AT husuhannamari ideaofseparationinselfdeterminationandinselfdefinitioninthenationofislamfromthelat AT husuhannamari theideaofseparationinselfdeterminationandinselfdefinitioninthenationofislamfromthe