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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Riipinen, Pekka", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2012-06-19T09:30:05Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2012-06-19T09:30:05Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2012", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1218510", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/38063", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ensimm\u00e4inen moderni terroristinen itsemurhaisku tapahtui Libanonissa vuonna 1981. Iskua seuranneina vuosikymmenin\u00e4 itsemurhaiskut ovat levinneet lukuisten eri terroristij\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n useille eri maantieteellisille alueille. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 pro gradu -tutkielmassa keskityn itsemurhaiskuihin ja t\u00e4m\u00e4n iskutaktiikan\r\nlevi\u00e4miseen eri terroristiryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Tutkimus kartoittaa samalla eri terroristiryhmien v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 verkostoja. Tutkimuksen tapausesimerkeiksi valikoitui kolme terroristij\u00e4rjest\u00f6\u00e4: libanonilainen Hizbollah, srilankalainen Tamilitiikerit sek\u00e4 palestiinalaisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6t Hamas ja Palestiinan islamilainen jihad. Maantieteellisesti tutkimus keskittyy siis Libanoniin, Sri Lankaan sek\u00e4 Israeliin ja palestiinalaisalueisiin. Ajallisesti tutkimus sijoittuu 1980- ja 2000-lukujen v\u00e4liin. Joiltain osin tutkimus tulee ulottumaan l\u00e4hes nykyp\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4n saakka. Itsemurhaiskuja analysoidaan tutkimuksessa sosiaalihistorian menetelmin huomioiden kuitenkin my\u00f6s kulttuuri- ja poliittisen historian menetelm\u00e4t. Tutkimuksen pyrkimys on itsemurhaiskuja tutkimalla hahmottaa niiden taustalla vaikuttanutta kollektiivista j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4, sen osia ja toimintamekanismeja sek\u00e4 rakenteita niilt\u00e4 osin, kuin ne ovat\r\nitsemurhaiskujen ja niiden levi\u00e4misen kannalta olennaisia. Edell\u00e4 mainitun, niin sanotun terrorismin toiminnallisen puolen ohella, terroristien tekoja ja toimintaa ohjaa kulttuuri. N\u00e4in ollen terroristinen kulttuuri ja sen levi\u00e4minen on tutkimuksen tarkastelukohde itsemurhaiskujen levi\u00e4mist\u00e4 silm\u00e4ll\u00e4 pit\u00e4en. Tutkimukseni pyrkii analysoimaan terrorististen tekojen taustalla olevia rakenteita, niiden v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 suhteita ja niiden v\u00e4lityksell\u00e4 levi\u00e4vi\u00e4 vaikutteita. Historian l\u00e4hestymistapojen tukena olen pyrkinyt hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n verkosto- ja organisaatioteorioita. Tutkimuksen\r\nprim\u00e4\u00e4ril\u00e4htein\u00e4 ovat sek\u00e4 terroristisia tapahtumia ja tekoja kuvanneet Yhdysvaltojen ulkoministeri\u00f6n ja keskustiedustelupalvelun julkiset asiakirjat ett\u00e4 terroristij\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen itsens\u00e4 tuottama aineisto. Prim\u00e4\u00e4ril\u00e4hteit\u00e4 t\u00e4ydent\u00e4\u00e4kseni olen k\u00e4ytt\u00e4nyt monipuolista ja jossain m\u00e4\u00e4rin poikkitieteellist\u00e4 tutkimuskirjallisuutta.\r\nKaikkien tutkimuksen tapausesimerkkij\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen kohdalla itsemurhaiskuihin ryhtymisess\u00e4 oli kyse tietoisesta strategisesta valinnasta. Tapausesimerkkij\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ilmeni l\u00e4hteiden perusteella yhteyksi\u00e4, joita pitkin taktiset vaikutteet levisiv\u00e4t. N\u00e4m\u00e4 yhteydet rakentuivat monipuolisiin j\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen omat toiminta-alueet ylitt\u00e4viin sosiaalisiin ja organisatorisiin verkostoihin ja niill\u00e4 oli konkreettinen ja keskeinen rooli itsemurhaiskujen levi\u00e4misess\u00e4 globaaliksi ilmi\u00f6ksi. Valtiotoimijoista erityisesti Iranilla on ollut konkreettinen merkitys itsemurhaiskujen levi\u00e4misen edist\u00e4j\u00e4n\u00e4 niin Libanonissa kuin palestiinalaisalueilla. Sek\u00e4 palestiinalaisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6t ett\u00e4 Sri Lankan Tamilitiikerit saivat puolestaan oppia itsemurhaiskuihin Libanonissa. Tutkimuksen kolme tapausesimerkki\u00e4 ovat ideologialtaan ja toimintatavoiltaan hyvin erilaisia, mutta j\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 on toimintakulttuurin osalta ohittamattomia yht\u00e4l\u00e4isyyksi\u00e4. Itsemurhaiskujen levi\u00e4misen kannalta spesifej\u00e4 kulttuurisia yht\u00e4l\u00e4isyyksi\u00e4 t\u00e4rke\u00e4mp\u00e4\u00e4 n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 kuitenkin olleen se, ett\u00e4 keskeiset vaikutteet levisiv\u00e4t sek\u00e4 j\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 ett\u00e4 niiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4.", "language": "", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Pekka Riipinen (pevatari) on 2012-06-19 09:30:03.504654. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2012-06-19T09:30:05Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201206191902.pdf: 487532 bytes, checksum: 3880d95c69cad23eb43966be124a96be (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 5015 bytes, checksum: d8c629803729455dacca540c25bf7f85 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-19T09:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201206191902.pdf: 487532 bytes, checksum: 3880d95c69cad23eb43966be124a96be (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 5015 bytes, checksum: d8c629803729455dacca540c25bf7f85 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2012", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "115 sivua", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Hizbollah", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": 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