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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Timonen, Riia", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2012-05-21T17:16:21Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2012-05-21T17:16:21Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2012", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1217016", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/37872", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkin pro gradu \u2013ty\u00f6ss\u00e4ni karhuaihetta suomalaisen taiteen historiassa aina esihistoriasta nykyp\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4n saakka. K\u00e4yt\u00e4n tutkimusmetodeinani sek\u00e4 ikonologista ett\u00e4 semioottista analyysi\u00e4 painottaen kuitenkin ikonologiaa p\u00e4\u00e4metodina. Tutkielmani ajallisesti laajan alueen kattamiseksi esittelen useita esimerkkej\u00e4 karhuaiheisista taideteoksista, sek\u00e4 muita karhuun liittyvi\u00e4 kulttuurin tuotteita, kuten vaakunataidetta ja karhuntaljaa.\r\nKarhu esiintyy eritt\u00e4in harvoin Suomen alueelta l\u00f6ydetyiss\u00e4 kalliokuvissa. Maalaukset, joissa karhu esiintyy, ovat hyvin kuluneita ja ep\u00e4selvi\u00e4, joten varmasti tunnistettua karhukuvaa ei suomalaisesta kalliotaiteesta voida sanoa l\u00f6ytyneen. Karhuaiheen puuttuminen muuten kuvastoltaan suhteellisen rikkaasta kalliomaalauskuvastosta on selitetty tabumekanismin k\u00e4yt\u00f6ll\u00e4. Karhu on k\u00e4sitetty jumalallista alkuper\u00e4\u00e4 omaavaksi el\u00e4imeksi, jonka oikean nimen lausuminen on ollut kielletty\u00e4. Sama kielto on voinut koskea my\u00f6s kuvallista viestint\u00e4\u00e4. Karhu kuitenkin esiintyy usein ajallisesti yhtenev\u00e4isesti ajoitetuissa esinel\u00f6yd\u00f6iss\u00e4. Karhuaiheisia esineit\u00e4 on arveltu k\u00e4ytetyn rituaalisissa menoissa.\r\nKristinuskon saapumisen my\u00f6t\u00e4 karhuaiheinen taide h\u00e4vi\u00e4\u00e4 Suomen alueelta. Karhu liittyy pakanuuteen ja katolilaisuudelle vastakkaisiin voimiin. Kansan lahjoittamaa karhuntaljaa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n kuitenkin yleisesti kirkoissa alttarivaatteena. Ruotsin kuningashuoneen vallan my\u00f6t\u00e4 Suomi saa ensimm\u00e4iset vaakunansa. Niihin kuvataan karhuaihe, joka my\u00f6hemmin siirtyy Satakunnan vaakunaan. Karhuvaakunaa ehdotetaan Suomen vaakunaksi viel\u00e4 useasti itsen\u00e4istymisen aikana.\r\n1600- ja 1700-luvuilla karhutappoa kuvataan useissa matkakertomuksissa, joiden kuvituksissa karhu my\u00f6s esiintyy. Ajan taiteelle on ominaista karhuun liittyv\u00e4 kansanomainen taikausko, sek\u00e4 el\u00e4imen vertautuminen villiin luontoon, pakanuuteen ja el\u00e4imellisyyteen. \r\nKalevala-aiheisessa taiteessa karhu esiintyy usein taustahahmona esimerkiksi Kullervoa tai V\u00e4in\u00e4m\u00f6isen soittoa kuvaavissa teoksissa. Ensimm\u00e4isist\u00e4 Kalevala-taiteilijoista karhua ovat kuvanneet muun muassa Erik Cainberg, Robert Wilhelm Ekman ja Carl Eneas Sj\u00f6strand. 1800-luvun lopulla huomattavia karhuaiheita l\u00f6ytyy muun muassa Hugo Simbergin t\u00f6ist\u00e4. \r\nKarhu esiintyy 1900-luvun vaihteessa muun muassa Pariisin maailmann\u00e4yttelyn Suomen salongin veistoksissa vuonna 1900 sek\u00e4 lukuisissa julkisissa veistoksissa ymp\u00e4ri Suomen. Vuosisadan modernisoituva taide pyrkii pois perinteisist\u00e4 aiheista, mutta karhuaiheen kuvaaminen jatkuu esimerkiksi naivistisessa taiteessa.\r\nUuden vuosituhannen vaihteessa karhu kiinnostaa useita nuoria taiteilijoita. Samuli Heimonen on kiinnostunut karhuaiheen historiasta ja karhun asemasta suomalaisessa kansanperinteess\u00e4. ITE-taiteeseen liittyv\u00e4ss\u00e4 moottorisahaveistossa karhu on ylivoimaisesti suosituin hahmo.", "language": "", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Riia Timonen (rieltimo) on 2012-05-21 17:16:19.829352. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2012-05-21T17:16:21Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201205211698.pdf: 2312136 bytes, checksum: 2bf551bae126ae6129ad17f2262c264c (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4999 bytes, checksum: bdcc2eca23ee63a55a39f8ab490efc14 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-21T17:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201205211698.pdf: 2312136 bytes, checksum: 2bf551bae126ae6129ad17f2262c264c (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4999 bytes, checksum: bdcc2eca23ee63a55a39f8ab490efc14 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2012", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "123 sivua", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Heimonen, Samuli", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Simberg, Hugo", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Kalevala", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Mesik\u00e4mmenen muotokuva : karhuaihe suomalaisen taiteen historiassa", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title.alternative", "value": "Karhuaihe suomalaisen taiteen historiassa", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": "alternative", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201205211698", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.dcmitype", "value": "Text", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "dcmitype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", 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