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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Alanen, Marika", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2010-04-15T18:26:44Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2010-04-15T18:26:44Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2010", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1126714", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/23240", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Eurooppa ja islam ovat olleet toistensa kanssa tekemisiss\u00e4 jo vuosisatojen ajan. Kanssak\u00e4yminen on ollut sek\u00e4 vihamielist\u00e4, ett\u00e4 rauhanomaista, mutta eurooppalaisten asenteita on aina v\u00e4ritt\u00e4nyt pelko kristinuskon vanhentuneena kielt\u00e4nytt\u00e4 it\u00e4ist\u00e4 naapuria kohtaan. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 tarkastellaan Euroopassa 1700-luvun loppupuolella vallinnutta muslimikuvaa. Tutkimuksessa selvitet\u00e4\u00e4n, miten muslimeihin suhtauduttiin maallistuvassa yhteiskunnassa, millaisia representaatioita heist\u00e4 rakennettiin, sek\u00e4 eroteltiinko muslimikansallisuudet toisistaan, vai tarkasteltiinko heit\u00e4 yhten\u00e4isen\u00e4 ryhm\u00e4n\u00e4. Alkuper\u00e4isl\u00e4hteen\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n 1700-luvun j\u00e4lkimm\u00e4isell\u00e4 puoliskolla kirjoitettuja englanninkielisi\u00e4 maantieteen kokoelmateoksia niilt\u00e4 osin, kuin ne k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4t Arabiaa, Persiaa ja Osmanien valtakuntaa.\n\nTutkimuksen l\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtana on toiseuden teoria. Vieraita kansoja tarkastellessaan eurooppalaiset liittiv\u00e4t heihin usein ominaisuuksia, jotka n\u00e4htiin Itselle vastakkaisiksi. T\u00e4m\u00e4 me \u2013 he tai Itse \u2013 Toinen jaottelu on ominaista erityisesti eurooppalaiselle ajattelulle, ja se on ratkaisevasti vaikuttanut eurooppalaisen identiteetin rakentumiseen. Usein vertailukohta Itselle l\u00f6ydettiin juuri it\u00e4rajan takaa, koska sit\u00e4 jouduttiin usein puolustamaan vihamielisi\u00e4 valloittajia vastaan. Vieraista kansoista tehdyill\u00e4 toiseuden representaatioilla ihmiset luokiteltiin meihin ja heihin, tai Itseen ja Toiseen. Usein Toiseen liitetyt luonteenpiirteet heijastivat vastakkaisia luonteenpiirteit\u00e4 Itselle.\n\nIslamista ja muslimeista luodut toiseuden representaatiot muuttuivat merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti 1700-luvun kuluessa. Monia muslimeihin keskiajalla liitettyj\u00e4 stereotypioita korjattiin, ja islamiin suhtauduttiin aikaisempaa objektiivisemmin. Maallistuvassa yhteiskunnassa el\u00e4neet eurooppalaiset alkoivat verrata yh\u00e4 useammin korkeaa sivistystasoaan muslimeihin aikaisemman kristinuskon sijaan. Islam ei siis en\u00e4\u00e4 edustanut negaatiota kristinuskolle, vaan sivistyneelle Euroopalle. Muslimeja ei kuitenkaan tarkasteltu yhten\u00e4isen\u00e4 ryhm\u00e4n\u00e4, vaan persialaisia, arabeja ja turkkilaisia tarkasteltiin erillisin\u00e4 kansallisuuksina. Eurooppalaiset vahvistivat mielikuvia omasta ylemmyydest\u00e4\u00e4n projisoimalla Itselle vastakkaisina n\u00e4htyj\u00e4 luonteenpiirteit\u00e4 muslimeihin. N\u00e4kem\u00e4ll\u00e4 arabit, persialaiset ja turkkilaiset oppimattomina, taikauskoisina ja despoottisen hallintoj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n kahlitsemina, eurooppalaiset vahvistivat k\u00e4sityst\u00e4\u00e4n omasta korkeasta sivistystasostaan, tieteellisest\u00e4 edistyneisyydest\u00e4\u00e4n, sek\u00e4 valtioj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4ns\u00e4 ylivertaisuudesta.", "language": "", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Marika Alanen (mahealan) on 2010-04-15 18:26:41.058097. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2010-04-15T18:26:44Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201004151534.pdf: 2399684 bytes, checksum: 49eaa9896a4d772db7e07c76f73dfa4d (MD5)\nlicense.html: 5050 bytes, checksum: 6becaf7e5a13451601d1895d670187b7 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-15T18:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201004151534.pdf: 2399684 bytes, checksum: 49eaa9896a4d772db7e07c76f73dfa4d (MD5)\nlicense.html: 5050 bytes, checksum: 6becaf7e5a13451601d1895d670187b7 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2010", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "114 sivua", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Eurooppa", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "islam", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "toiseus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "toiseuden representaatiot", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "1700-luku", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Arabia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Persia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Osmanien valtakunta", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "it\u00e4mainen despotia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "haaremit", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maantiede", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "muslimit", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Muhammed", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "muslimikuva", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Julma ja kiehtova it\u00e4 : muslimit englanninkielisiss\u00e4 maantieteen teoksissa 1700-luvun j\u00e4lkimm\u00e4isell\u00e4 puoliskolla", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201004151534", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", 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