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Tulla, L. 2025. ILLNESSES AND INJURIES IN TOP-LEVEL WOMEN'S FOOTBALL IN FINLAND.
University of Jyväskylä, Master’s thesis, 52 pp., 3 appendices.
The monitoring of sports injuries has traditionally focused on injuries resulting in absences from training or competitions, potentially leading to the underreporting of milder injuries. In particular, the registration of overuse injuries has been insufficient with previous methods, failing to detect these injuries with adequate accuracy. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) questionnaire has been developed to identify various health problems more effectively among athletes. Systematic monitoring of athletes' injuries enables the detection of even milder health issues, thereby helping to prevent more severe and recurrent injuries. The consistency of injury monitoring and registration across different countries and sports is essential for reliably assessing the effectiveness of injury and illness prevention interventions.
The study included 152 female football players aged 16–34 (mean age 22 years) from the highest league level in Finland, the Kansallinen Liiga. Eight out of ten teams in the league participated in the monitoring, which was conducted during the 2020 season. The 2020 season differed from the usual due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which limited athletes' opportunities to train normally with their team before the start of the season. In Finland, the top-tier women's football season typically begins at the end of March, but in 2020, the competitive season could not start until mid-June. This study focuses on results from the competition period, covering calendar weeks 24–44. The players were sent the OSTRC-H2 questionnaire every Monday of each week. The questionnaire consists of four key questions, assessing the player's participation, training volume, functional capacity, and the severity of symptoms. During the competitive season the average response rate was an excellent 91%.
Based on the findings, health problems are common among female football players during the competitive season in top-level women's football in Finland. On average, about one in five respondents reported a health issue on a weekly basis, and approximately one in eight experienced a significant health problem. Over 70% of players reported at least one health problem. While acute injuries accounted for the majority of health issues and overall burden, overuse injuries and illnesses also contributed significantly to athlete load. Notably, nearly one-third of reported health problems did not result in time-loss from training or matches, highlighting the importance of systematic monitoring to detect and prevent even seemingly minor but potentially chronic issues at an early stage.
Key words: football, acute injury, overuse injury, illness
Tulla, L. 2025. SAIRAUDET JA LOUKKAANTUMISET JALKAPALLON NAISTEN PÄÄSARJATASOLLA SUOMESSA.
Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Jyväskylän yliopisto, Liikuntalääketieteen pro gradu -tutkielma, 52 s, 3 liitettä.
Liikuntavammoja käsittelevät tutkimukset ovat pääsääntöisesti perustuneet vammojen seurantaan, jotka ovat aiheuttaneet poissaoloa harjoituksista tai kilpailuista. Tällöin lievemmät vammat ovat saattaneet jäädä havaitsematta. Erityisesti rasitusvammojen rekisteröinti on ollut aiemmilla metodeilla puutteellisia, eikä niillä ole pystytty havaitsemaan vammoja riittävän tarkasti. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) terveyskysely on kehitetty havaitsemaan tehokkaammin erilaisia urheilijoiden terveysongelmia. Urheilijoiden vammojen systemaattisen monitoroinnin avulla pystytään havaitsemaan jo lievemmät terveysongelmat ja näin voidaan ehkäistä vakavampien ja uusiutuvien vammojen syntymistä. Vammojen monitoroinnin ja rekisteröimisen yhteneväisyys eri maissa ja eri lajeissa on tärkeää, jotta voidaan arvioida luotettavasti vammoja ja sairauksia ehkäisevien interventioiden vaikuttavuutta.
Tutkimukseen osallistui 152 jalkapalloa pelaavaa 16–34-vuotiaista naista (keski-ikä 22 vuotta) Suomen korkeimmalta sarjatasolta eli Kansallisesta liigasta. Sarjassa pelaavista kymmenestä joukkueesta kahdeksan osallistui seurantaan, joka toteutettiin kaudella 2020. Kausi 2020 poikkesi tavanomaisesta COVID-19-pandemian vuoksi, mikä rajoitti urheilijoiden mahdollisuuksia harjoitella joukkueen kanssa normaalisti ennen kauden alkua. Jalkapallon naisten pääsarjatason kausi alkaa Suomessa tavallisesti maaliskuun lopulla, mutta kaudella 2020 kilpailukausi päästiin aloittamaan vasta kesäkuun puolessa välissä. Tässä tutkimuksessa käsitellään tuloksia kilpailukauden ajalta eli kalenteriviikoilta 24–44 (13.6.-8.11.2020). Pelaajille lähetettiin OSTRC-H2 terveyskysely jokaisen viikon maanantaina. Kysely koostuu neljästä avainkysymyksestä, joilla arvioidaan pelaajan osallistumista, harjoittelun määrää, toimintakykyä sekä oireiden määrää. Kilpailukauden ajan keskimääräinen vastausprosentti oli erinomainen 91 %.
Tutkimuksen perusteella terveysongelmat ovat yleisiä jalkapallon naisten pääsarjatasolla, Kansallisessa liigassa. Keskimäärin noin joka viides vastaajista ilmoitti viikoittain jonkin terveysongelman, ja noin joka kahdeksannella esiintyi merkittävä terveysongelma. Yli 70 % pelaajista raportoi ainakin yhden terveysongelman kilpailukauden aikana. Vaikka äkilliset vammat muodostivat suurimman osan terveysongelmista ja kokonaisrasitteesta, myös rasitusvammat ja sairaudet olivat merkittävässä roolissa urheilijoiden kuormituksessa. Erityisesti huomionarvoista on, että lähes kolmannes terveysongelmista ei aiheuttanut poissaoloja, mikä korostaa systemaattisen seurannan tarvetta lievien mutta mahdollisesti vakavammaksi kehittyvien ongelmien varhaisessa tunnistamisessa ja ehkäisyssä.
Asiasanat: jalkapallo, rasitusvamma, äkillinen vamma, sairaus
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ILLNESSES AND INJURIES IN TOP-LEVEL WOMEN'S FOOTBALL IN FINLAND.\nUniversity of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Master\u2019s thesis, 52 pp., 3 appendices.\n\nThe monitoring of sports injuries has traditionally focused on injuries resulting in absences from training or competitions, potentially leading to the underreporting of milder injuries. In particular, the registration of overuse injuries has been insufficient with previous methods, failing to detect these injuries with adequate accuracy. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) questionnaire has been developed to identify various health problems more effectively among athletes. Systematic monitoring of athletes' injuries enables the detection of even milder health issues, thereby helping to prevent more severe and recurrent injuries. The consistency of injury monitoring and registration across different countries and sports is essential for reliably assessing the effectiveness of injury and illness prevention interventions.\n\nThe study included 152 female football players aged 16\u201334 (mean age 22 years) from the highest league level in Finland, the Kansallinen Liiga. Eight out of ten teams in the league participated in the monitoring, which was conducted during the 2020 season. The 2020 season differed from the usual due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which limited athletes' opportunities to train normally with their team before the start of the season. In Finland, the top-tier women's football season typically begins at the end of March, but in 2020, the competitive season could not start until mid-June. This study focuses on results from the competition period, covering calendar weeks 24\u201344. The players were sent the OSTRC-H2 questionnaire every Monday of each week. The questionnaire consists of four key questions, assessing the player's participation, training volume, functional capacity, and the severity of symptoms. During the competitive season the average response rate was an excellent 91%.\n\nBased on the findings, health problems are common among female football players during the competitive season in top-level women's football in Finland. On average, about one in five respondents reported a health issue on a weekly basis, and approximately one in eight experienced a significant health problem. Over 70% of players reported at least one health problem. While acute injuries accounted for the majority of health issues and overall burden, overuse injuries and illnesses also contributed significantly to athlete load. Notably, nearly one-third of reported health problems did not result in time-loss from training or matches, highlighting the importance of systematic monitoring to detect and prevent even seemingly minor but potentially chronic issues at an early stage.\n\nKey words: football, acute injury, overuse injury, illness", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tulla, L. 2025. SAIRAUDET JA LOUKKAANTUMISET JALKAPALLON NAISTEN P\u00c4\u00c4SARJATASOLLA SUOMESSA.\nLiikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto, Liikuntal\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen pro gradu -tutkielma, 52 s, 3 liitett\u00e4.\n\nLiikuntavammoja k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4t tutkimukset ovat p\u00e4\u00e4s\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6isesti perustuneet vammojen seurantaan, jotka ovat aiheuttaneet poissaoloa harjoituksista tai kilpailuista. T\u00e4ll\u00f6in lievemm\u00e4t vammat ovat saattaneet j\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4 havaitsematta. Erityisesti rasitusvammojen rekister\u00f6inti on ollut aiemmilla metodeilla puutteellisia, eik\u00e4 niill\u00e4 ole pystytty havaitsemaan vammoja riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n tarkasti. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) terveyskysely on kehitetty havaitsemaan tehokkaammin erilaisia urheilijoiden terveysongelmia. Urheilijoiden vammojen systemaattisen monitoroinnin avulla pystyt\u00e4\u00e4n havaitsemaan jo lievemm\u00e4t terveysongelmat ja n\u00e4in voidaan ehk\u00e4ist\u00e4 vakavampien ja uusiutuvien vammojen syntymist\u00e4. Vammojen monitoroinnin ja rekister\u00f6imisen yhtenev\u00e4isyys eri maissa ja eri lajeissa on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4, jotta voidaan arvioida luotettavasti vammoja ja sairauksia ehk\u00e4isevien interventioiden vaikuttavuutta.\n\nTutkimukseen osallistui 152 jalkapalloa pelaavaa 16\u201334-vuotiaista naista (keski-ik\u00e4 22 vuotta) Suomen korkeimmalta sarjatasolta eli Kansallisesta liigasta. Sarjassa pelaavista kymmenest\u00e4 joukkueesta kahdeksan osallistui seurantaan, joka toteutettiin kaudella 2020. Kausi 2020 poikkesi tavanomaisesta COVID-19-pandemian vuoksi, mik\u00e4 rajoitti urheilijoiden mahdollisuuksia harjoitella joukkueen kanssa normaalisti ennen kauden alkua. Jalkapallon naisten p\u00e4\u00e4sarjatason kausi alkaa Suomessa tavallisesti maaliskuun lopulla, mutta kaudella 2020 kilpailukausi p\u00e4\u00e4stiin aloittamaan vasta kes\u00e4kuun puolessa v\u00e4liss\u00e4. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa k\u00e4sitell\u00e4\u00e4n tuloksia kilpailukauden ajalta eli kalenteriviikoilta 24\u201344 (13.6.-8.11.2020). Pelaajille l\u00e4hetettiin OSTRC-H2 terveyskysely jokaisen viikon maanantaina. Kysely koostuu nelj\u00e4st\u00e4 avainkysymyksest\u00e4, joilla arvioidaan pelaajan osallistumista, harjoittelun m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4, toimintakyky\u00e4 sek\u00e4 oireiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4. Kilpailukauden ajan keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen vastausprosentti oli erinomainen 91 %.\n\nTutkimuksen perusteella terveysongelmat ovat yleisi\u00e4 jalkapallon naisten p\u00e4\u00e4sarjatasolla, Kansallisessa liigassa. Keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin noin joka viides vastaajista ilmoitti viikoittain jonkin terveysongelman, ja noin joka kahdeksannella esiintyi merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 terveysongelma. Yli 70 % pelaajista raportoi ainakin yhden terveysongelman kilpailukauden aikana. Vaikka \u00e4killiset vammat muodostivat suurimman osan terveysongelmista ja kokonaisrasitteesta, my\u00f6s rasitusvammat ja sairaudet olivat merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 roolissa urheilijoiden kuormituksessa. 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