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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kronholm, Ilkka", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kleppe, Sn\u00f8frid", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Hirvonen, Niila", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2025-06-11T05:44:28Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2025-06-11T05:44:28Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2025", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/103362", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kaksisuuntaiset promoottorit ovat promoottoreita, jotka ohjaavat kahden geenin transkriptiota. Jotta yksi promoottori voisi ohjata kahden geenin transkriptiota, tulee geenien olla eri juosteissa l\u00e4hell\u00e4 toisiaan siten, ett\u00e4 niiden transkriptio etenee eri suuntiin. Koska kaksisuuntaiset promoottorit ohjaavat yhden geenin transkription sijaan kahden geenin transkriptioita, voidaan olettaa ett\u00e4 kaksisuuntaisiin promoottoreihin kertyisi v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n mutaatioita evoluution aikana kuin yksisuuntaisiin promoottoreihin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 johtuu siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 jos kaksisuuntaiseen promoottoriin kertyisi haitallisia mutaatioita, ne vaikuttaisivat yhden geenin sijasta kahteen geeniin. Aiheesta on kuitenkin hyvin v\u00e4h\u00e4n tutkimustietoa. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkielmassa tutkittiin Neurospora crassa -sienen yksi- ja kaksisuuntaisten promoottorien geneettist\u00e4 muuntelua hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 yleisesti populaatiogenetiikassa k\u00e4ytetty\u00e4 Wattersonin estimaattoria. Tutkielmassa huomioitiin my\u00f6s promoottorien ohjaamiin geeneihin kohdistuva valintapaine, joka vaikuttaa geenien lis\u00e4ksi niiden l\u00e4hialueiden geneettiseen muunteluun. Lis\u00e4ksi kaksisuuntaisten promoottoreiden ohjaamille geenipareille tehtiin geeniontologia-analyysi ja havaittiin, ett\u00e4 Neurospora crassa -sienen kaksisuuntaiset geeniparit ovat yliedustettuina biologisissa prosesseissa, jotka ovat ominaisia my\u00f6s ihmisen kaksisuuntaisille geenipareille. Tutkielman tulos oli, ett\u00e4 Neurospora crassa -sienen kaksisuuntaisissa promoottoreissa on v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n geneettist\u00e4 muuntelua kuin yksisuuntaisissa promoottoreissa. Vaikka kaksisuuntaiset promoottorit l\u00f6ydettiin jo t\u00e4m\u00e4n vuosituhannen alussa, niit\u00e4 on tutkittu hyvin v\u00e4h\u00e4n geneettisen muuntelun n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi tutkimuksen tulokset tarjoavat uuden n\u00e4k\u00f6kulman aiheeseen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Bidirectional promoters are promoters that control the transcription of two ad-jacent genes instead of a single gene. Two genes need to be located close to each other and on different strands in a manner that they are transcribed in different directions, so that one promoter can control the transcription of both genes. I hypothesize that bidirectional promoters would have less mutations accumulating to them during evolution than unidirectional promoters, because if deleterious mutations would accumulate in a bidirectional promoter, it would impact not just one, but two genes. Thus, I expect bidirectional promot-ers to be under stronger evolutionary constraint than unidirectional promoters. However, there is limited amount of research on this topic. The main goal of this thesis was to study genetic variation in Neurospora crassa promoter regions using Watterson estimator, which is a widely used method in population ge-netics. The selection acting on the genes was considered in statistical model, because it could also influence the genetic variation in neighboring regions, that is the promoters. Furthermore, a gene ontology analysis was performed for the bidirectional gene pairs, and biological processes that are common in hu-man bidirectional gene pairs, were found to also be enriched in Neurospora cras-sa bidirectional gene pairs. The main result of this thesis was that there is less genetic variation in Neurospora crassa bidirectional promoters than in unidirec-tional promoters. Even though bidirectional promoters were discovered in the early 2000s, the topic of genetic variation has not been studied much, and thus this thesis provides a new perspective on this topic.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2025-06-11T05:44:28Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2025-06-11T05:44:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2025", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "25", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Neurospora crassa", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "pistemutaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Wattersonin estimaattori", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Geneettinen muuntelu kaksisuuntaisissa promoottoreissa", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202506115162", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Solu- ja molekyylibiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Cell and molecular biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "geenit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "evoluutio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "perinn\u00f6llisyystiede", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "DNA", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "geenitekniikka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "perinn\u00f6llisyys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "geneettinen muuntelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "perim\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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