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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Prozorov, Sergei", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "advisor"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Dannberg, Juho", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "author"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2025-06-11T05:43:13Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "accessioned"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2025-06-11T05:43:13Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "available"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2025", "language": null, "element": "date", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "issued"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/103361", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "uri"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Vaalivaikuttaminen demokraattisissa vaaleissa on viimeisen kymmenen vuoden aikana ollut kiistanalainen ongelma. Vuoden 2016 Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaaleissa,\nVen\u00e4j\u00e4 pyrki vaikuttamaan vaaleihin eri tavoin, mukaan lukien levitt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 disinformaatiota mainosten ja bottien avulla sosiaalisessa mediassa, esiintym\u00e4ll\u00e4 Yhdysvaltain kansalaisina tarkoituksena organisoida poliittisia tapahtumia ja protesteja sek\u00e4\nhakkeroimalla ja julkaisemalla s\u00e4hk\u00f6posteja ja asiakirjoja Yhdysvaltain demokraattisen puolueen presidenttiehdokkaan Hillary Clintonin kampanjahenkil\u00f6kunnan s\u00e4hk\u00f6postitileilt\u00e4. Samana vuonna, Ven\u00e4j\u00e4n valtiomedia sek\u00e4 botit sosiaalisessa mediassa tuottivat disinformaatiota Yhdistyneen kuningaskunnan EU-j\u00e4senyyden kansan\u00e4\u00e4nestyksest\u00e4. Sen j\u00e4lkeen, valtiot kuten Ranska vuonna 2017 ovat l\u00f6yt\u00e4neet todisteita vaalivaikuttamisesta Ven\u00e4j\u00e4n toimesta. T\u00e4m\u00e4 opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6 pyrkii analysoimaan n\u00e4it\u00e4 vaikutusoperaatioita refleksiivisen kontrollin yrityksen\u00e4. Refleksiivisess\u00e4\nkontrollissa toimija pyrkii vaikuttamaan jonkun muun p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksentekoprosessiin\nhaastamattomasti muuttamalla t\u00e4m\u00e4n informaatiomaisemaa, saaden refleksiivisen\nkontrollin kohteen tekem\u00e4\u00e4n toimijan haluaman p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksen vapaaehtoisesti. Edell\u00e4\nmainitut kolme vaalivaikuttamisen tapausta analysoidaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 prosessin\nseurannan tutkimusmenetelm\u00e4\u00e4, jossa toiminta ja sen seuraukset kytket\u00e4\u00e4n askel askeleelta toisiinsa oletetulla ja selitt\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 kausaaliprosessilla. T\u00e4t\u00e4 prosessia testataan\nhuolellisella tapahtumien kuvauksella ja todisteiden arvioinnilla, jonka p\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n\u00e4\non pyrkimys arvioida refleksiivisen kontrollin vaikutusta vaaleihin verrattuna muihin selitt\u00e4viin tekij\u00f6ihin. Jotta refleksiivist\u00e4 kontrollia voidaan k\u00e4sitell\u00e4 osana kausaaliprosessia, analysoidun disinformaatiomateriaalin t\u00e4ytyy suosia vaaliehdokasta\nyli toisen, olla suunnattua selke\u00e4sti m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4tylle \u00e4\u00e4nest\u00e4j\u00e4ryhm\u00e4lle ja erottumaan n\u00e4kyvyydess\u00e4 sosiaalisen median \u2019kohinasta\u2019. Koska refleksiivinen kontrolli ja vaalivaikuttaminen toimivat tehokkaimmin vaalikilpailun ollessa tiukkaa ja siten vaikeimmin todennettavissa, sek\u00e4 informaation ja mediakulutuksen ollessa kasvavasti\nhajautunutta ja polarisoitua, vaalivaikuttaminen ulkomailta aiheuttaa demokratialle\nmonimutkaisen ongelman monimutkaisilla ratkaisuilla. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6ss\u00e4 tarkastellussa kolmessa tapauksessa, vaalivaikuttamisoperaatio n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi olleen suurin\nlaajuudeltaan ja pyrkimyksilt\u00e4\u00e4n Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaaleissa 2016. Ei kuitenkaan ole mahdollista sanoa, oliko tapaus ainutkertainen paikalta ja/tai ajaltaan.\nOpinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6n aiheen tutkimisesta vuotta 2016 seuraaviin presidentinvaaleihin Yhdysvalloissa olisi hy\u00f6ty\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "abstract"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Election interference in democratic elections has been a contentious issue in the last 10 years. In the 2016 United\nStates presidential election, Russia attempted to influence the election in various ways, including disinformation\nthrough ads and bots on social media, impersonating U.S. citizens to organize political events as well as hacking and\nreleasing of emails and documents from Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton\u2019s campaign personnel. That same\nyear, Russian state-media and bots on social media generated disinformation about the United Kingdom EU referendum. Since then, countries such as France in 2017 have found Russian interference in their elections. This thesis\nattempts to analyze these influence operations as attempts of reflexive control. In reflexive control, an actor attempts\nto influence the decision-making process of another non-confrontationally by changing the information landscape in\na way where the actor makes a desired decision voluntarily. The three cases of election interference operations will\nbe analyzed through a method of process tracing, where an action and an outcome will be connected step-by-step by\na supposed causal explanatory process. This process is tested by careful description of events and evaluation of\nevidence to attempt to measure the impact of reflexive control on the elections in contrast to other explanations. For\nreflexive control to be considered in the posed causal process, the disinformation material analyzed must show a\npreference on a candidate, target a specific group of voters and penetrate the noise floor. As reflexive control and\nelection interference works best when the race between candidates is very close and thus hardest to prove and as\ninformation and media consumption has become increasingly decentralized and polarized, it seems that foreign influence on elections poses a complicated problem with complicated solutions. In the three cases discussed in this\nthesis, the 2016 United States presidential election operation seemed to be the biggest in scale and scope. However,\nit is not possible to say if this is unique to either time or place, and further research into subsequent US elections and\nother elections is warranted.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "abstract"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2025-06-11T05:43:13Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "provenance"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2025-06-11T05:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2025", "language": "en", "element": "description", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "provenance"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "46", "language": null, "element": "format", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "extent"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "iso"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": null}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "influence operation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "other"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "reflexive control", "language": null, "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "other"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "voter influence", "language": null, "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "other"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Disinformed voters : reflexive control and election interference", "language": null, "element": "title", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": null}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": null}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202506115161", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "urn"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "faculty"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "faculty"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "department"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "department"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "organization"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "organization"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valtio-oppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "discipline"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Political Science", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "discipline"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "coar"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "copyright"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "accesslevel"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "publication"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "valeuutiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "yso"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "informaatiosodank\u00e4ynti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "yso"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "disinformaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "yso"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "vaalih\u00e4irint\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "subject", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "yso"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "schema": "dc", "qualifier": "url"}]
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