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Subjective age is a personal experience assessed in relation to chronological age. Older adults’ subjective age is typically younger than their chronological age. Many factors, such as health status, experiences of aging, and societal norms, are associated with subjective age. Stress-coping ability, in turn, is a characteristic that reflects one’s ability to deal with with life’s adversities, and holds important meaning for subjective age. The aim of this study was to examine the association between older adults self-rated stress-coping ability and subjective age, as well as to determine whether health status explains the association.
This cross-sectional study is based on data collected during 2017–2018 as part of the Active Ageing – Resilience and External Support as Modifiers of the Disablement Outcome (AGNES) -study. The participants (n = 954) were individuals aged 75, 80 and 85 who lived independently in the city of Jyväskylä, Finland. Subjective age was assessed by asking whether the participants perceived their mental age to be younger, the same as, or older than their chronological age. Subjective age was classified into two categories by combining the groups same as chronological age and older subjective age. Self-rated stress-coping ability was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) shortened version on a scale 0 (weak) – 40 (high) stress-coping ability. Self-rated health was assessed using a five-category question, which was reclassified for analysis into three categories on a scale of 1 (poor or very poor), 2 (moderate), and 3 (good or very good). Sex, age, years of education, cognitive functioning, perceived stress and perceived age discrimination was used as background variables. Binary logistic regression was used as the main analysis method.
Most of the participants (69,5 %) perceived their subjective mental age to be younger than their chronological age. Participants who rated their stress-coping ability higher, had a significantly higher probability of having a mentally younger subjective age compared to those with lower self-rated stress-coping ability (OR = 1,04; 95 % CI = 1,01–1,07; p = 0,005). Participants with a mentally younger subjective age had, on average, 1,17 points higher stress-coping ability scores on the CD-RISC-scale compared to those who perceived their mental age as the same as or older than their chronological age (p <0,001). Participants who rated their health as good or very good were more likely to feel younger than their chronological age compared to those who rated their health as poor or very poor (OR = 2,47; 95 % CI = 1,26–4,85; p = 0,009). Self-rated health, however, did not explain the association between self-rated stress-coping ability and subjective age.
The study suggested that older adults living independently at home often perceive themselves as younger than their chronological age. Stress-coping ability was independently associated with subjective age, regardless of health status or background variables. Stress-coping ability may act as a buffer against adversity, supporting maintenance of a younger subjective age over a longer period. In the future, more research is needed on the subjective age of Finnish older adults and the factors associated with it.
Koettu ikä on henkilökohtainen kokemus, jota arvioidaan suhteessa kronologiseen ikään. Ikääntyneiden henkilöiden koettu ikä on usein kronologista ikää nuorempi. Monet tekijät, kuten terveydentila, kokemukset vanhenemisesta ja yhteiskunnassa vallitsevat normit ovat yhteydessä koettuun ikään. Stressinhallintakyky on ominaisuus kuvastaen voimavaroja selviytyä elämässä eteen tulevista vastoinkäymisistä, millä voi olla tärkeä merkitys koetun iän kannalta. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää ikääntyneiden henkilöiden itsearvioidun stressinhallintakyvyn yhteyttä koettuun ikään. Lisäksi selvitettiin selittääkö terveydentila yhteyttä.
Tämä poikittaistutkimus perustuu Aktiivisena vanheneminen – resilienssi ja ulkoinen tuki toiminnanvajauksia modifioivina tekijöinä (AGNES) -tutkimuksen vuosien 2017–2018 aikana kerättyyn aineistoon. Tutkittavat (n = 954) olivat Jyväskylässä itsenäisesti asuvia 75-, 80- ja 85-vuotiata henkilöitä. Koettua ikää arvioitiin kysymällä, kokeeko tutkittava itsensä henkisesti nuoremmaksi, yhtä vanhaksi, tai vanhemmaksi kuin ikänsä. Koetusta iästä tehtiin kaksiluokkainen yhdistämällä luokat yhtä vanha ja vanhempi koettu ikä. Itsearvioitua stressinhallintakykyä mitattiin Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) lyhytversiolla asteikolla 0 (heikko) – 40 (korkea) stressinhallintakyky. Koettua terveyttä arvioitiin viisiluokkaisella kysymyksellä, joka luokiteltiin uudelleen analyysejä varten kolmiluokkaiseksi asteikolla 1 (huono tai erittäin huono), 2 (keskinkertainen) ja 3 (hyvä tai erittäin hyvä). Taustamuuttujia olivat sukupuoli, ikä, koulutuksen pituus vuosissa, kognitiivinen toimintakyky, koettu stressi ja koettu ikäsyrjintä. Pääanalyysimenetelmänä käytettiin binääristä logistista regressioanalyysia.
Suurin osa tutkittavista (69,5 %) koki itsensä henkisesti ikäänsä nuoremmiksi. Tutkittavat, jotka olivat arvioineet stressinhallintakykynsä korkeaksi, kokivat itsensä todennäköisemmin henkisesti ikäänsä nuoremmiksi verrattuna tutkittaviin, joiden itsearvioitu stressinhallintakyky oli heikompi (OR = 1,04; 95 % LV = 1,01–1,07; p = 0,005). Itsensä henkisesti ikäänsä nuoremmiksi kokevilla tutkittavilla oli keskimäärin 1,17 pistettä parempi itsearvioitu stressinhallintakyky CD-RISC-mittarilla mitattuna verrattuna niihin tutkittaviin, jotka kokivat itsensä henkisesti yhtä vanhoiksi tai vanhemmiksi kuin ikänsä (p <0,001). Tutkittavat, jotka kokivat terveytensä hyväksi tai erittäin hyväksi, kokivat itsensä useammin kronologista ikäänsä nuoremmiksi verrattuna niihin, jotka kokivat terveytensä huonoksi tai erittäin huonoksi (OR = 2,47; 95 % LV = 1,26–4,85; p = 0,009). Koettu terveys ei kuitenkaan selittänyt itsearvioidun stressinhallintakyvyn ja koetun iän välistä yhteyttä.
Tutkimus antoi viitteitä siitä, että itsenäisesti kotona asuvat ikääntyneet henkilöt kokevat itsensä usein kronologista ikäänsä nuoremmiksi. Stressinhallintakyky oli itsenäisesti yhteydessä koettuun ikään riippumatta terveydentilasta tai taustamuuttujista. Stressinhallintakyky saattaakin toimia vastoinkäymisten puskurina edistäen nuoremman koetun iän ylläpysymistä pidempään. Tulevaisuudessa tarvitaan lisää tutkimusta suomalaisten ikääntyneiden henkilöiden koetusta iästä ja siihen yhteydessä olevista tekijöistä.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Koivunen, Kaisa", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Laine, Sanna", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2025-04-24T10:49:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2025-04-24T10:49:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2025", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/101613", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Subjective age is a personal experience assessed in relation to chronological age. Older adults\u2019 subjective age is typically younger than their chronological age. Many factors, such as health status, experiences of aging, and societal norms, are associated with subjective age. Stress-coping ability, in turn, is a characteristic that reflects one\u2019s ability to deal with with life\u2019s adversities, and holds important meaning for subjective age. The aim of this study was to examine the association between older adults self-rated stress-coping ability and subjective age, as well as to determine whether health status explains the association. \n\nThis cross-sectional study is based on data collected during 2017\u20132018 as part of the Active Ageing \u2013 Resilience and External Support as Modifiers of the Disablement Outcome (AGNES) -study. The participants (n = 954) were individuals aged 75, 80 and 85 who lived independently in the city of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland. Subjective age was assessed by asking whether the participants perceived their mental age to be younger, the same as, or older than their chronological age. Subjective age was classified into two categories by combining the groups same as chronological age and older subjective age. Self-rated stress-coping ability was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) shortened version on a scale 0 (weak) \u2013 40 (high) stress-coping ability. Self-rated health was assessed using a five-category question, which was reclassified for analysis into three categories on a scale of 1 (poor or very poor), 2 (moderate), and 3 (good or very good). Sex, age, years of education, cognitive functioning, perceived stress and perceived age discrimination was used as background variables. Binary logistic regression was used as the main analysis method.\n\nMost of the participants (69,5 %) perceived their subjective mental age to be younger than their chronological age. Participants who rated their stress-coping ability higher, had a significantly higher probability of having a mentally younger subjective age compared to those with lower self-rated stress-coping ability (OR = 1,04; 95 % CI = 1,01\u20131,07; p = 0,005). Participants with a mentally younger subjective age had, on average, 1,17 points higher stress-coping ability scores on the CD-RISC-scale compared to those who perceived their mental age as the same as or older than their chronological age (p <0,001). Participants who rated their health as good or very good were more likely to feel younger than their chronological age compared to those who rated their health as poor or very poor (OR = 2,47; 95 % CI = 1,26\u20134,85; p = 0,009). Self-rated health, however, did not explain the association between self-rated stress-coping ability and subjective age. \n\nThe study suggested that older adults living independently at home often perceive themselves as younger than their chronological age. Stress-coping ability was independently associated with subjective age, regardless of health status or background variables. Stress-coping ability may act as a buffer against adversity, supporting maintenance of a younger subjective age over a longer period. In the future, more research is needed on the subjective age of Finnish older adults and the factors associated with it.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Koettu ik\u00e4 on henkil\u00f6kohtainen kokemus, jota arvioidaan suhteessa kronologiseen ik\u00e4\u00e4n. Ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden henkil\u00f6iden koettu ik\u00e4 on usein kronologista ik\u00e4\u00e4 nuorempi. Monet tekij\u00e4t, kuten terveydentila, kokemukset vanhenemisesta ja yhteiskunnassa vallitsevat normit ovat yhteydess\u00e4 koettuun ik\u00e4\u00e4n. Stressinhallintakyky on ominaisuus kuvastaen voimavaroja selviyty\u00e4 el\u00e4m\u00e4ss\u00e4 eteen tulevista vastoink\u00e4ymisist\u00e4, mill\u00e4 voi olla t\u00e4rke\u00e4 merkitys koetun i\u00e4n kannalta. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden henkil\u00f6iden itsearvioidun stressinhallintakyvyn yhteytt\u00e4 koettuun ik\u00e4\u00e4n. Lis\u00e4ksi selvitettiin selitt\u00e4\u00e4k\u00f6 terveydentila yhteytt\u00e4.\n\nT\u00e4m\u00e4 poikittaistutkimus perustuu Aktiivisena vanheneminen \u2013 resilienssi ja ulkoinen tuki toiminnanvajauksia modifioivina tekij\u00f6in\u00e4 (AGNES) -tutkimuksen vuosien 2017\u20132018 aikana ker\u00e4ttyyn aineistoon. Tutkittavat (n = 954) olivat Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4ss\u00e4 itsen\u00e4isesti asuvia 75-, 80- ja 85-vuotiata henkil\u00f6it\u00e4. Koettua ik\u00e4\u00e4 arvioitiin kysym\u00e4ll\u00e4, kokeeko tutkittava itsens\u00e4 henkisesti nuoremmaksi, yht\u00e4 vanhaksi, tai vanhemmaksi kuin ik\u00e4ns\u00e4. Koetusta i\u00e4st\u00e4 tehtiin kaksiluokkainen yhdist\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 luokat yht\u00e4 vanha ja vanhempi koettu ik\u00e4. Itsearvioitua stressinhallintakyky\u00e4 mitattiin Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) lyhytversiolla asteikolla 0 (heikko) \u2013 40 (korkea) stressinhallintakyky. Koettua terveytt\u00e4 arvioitiin viisiluokkaisella kysymyksell\u00e4, joka luokiteltiin uudelleen analyysej\u00e4 varten kolmiluokkaiseksi asteikolla 1 (huono tai eritt\u00e4in huono), 2 (keskinkertainen) ja 3 (hyv\u00e4 tai eritt\u00e4in hyv\u00e4). Taustamuuttujia olivat sukupuoli, ik\u00e4, koulutuksen pituus vuosissa, kognitiivinen toimintakyky, koettu stressi ja koettu ik\u00e4syrjint\u00e4. P\u00e4\u00e4analyysimenetelm\u00e4n\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin bin\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 logistista regressioanalyysia.\n\nSuurin osa tutkittavista (69,5 %) koki itsens\u00e4 henkisesti ik\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4 nuoremmiksi. Tutkittavat, jotka olivat arvioineet stressinhallintakykyns\u00e4 korkeaksi, kokivat itsens\u00e4 todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isemmin henkisesti ik\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4 nuoremmiksi verrattuna tutkittaviin, joiden itsearvioitu stressinhallintakyky oli heikompi (OR = 1,04; 95 % LV = 1,01\u20131,07; p = 0,005). Itsens\u00e4 henkisesti ik\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4 nuoremmiksi kokevilla tutkittavilla oli keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 1,17 pistett\u00e4 parempi itsearvioitu stressinhallintakyky CD-RISC-mittarilla mitattuna verrattuna niihin tutkittaviin, jotka kokivat itsens\u00e4 henkisesti yht\u00e4 vanhoiksi tai vanhemmiksi kuin ik\u00e4ns\u00e4 (p <0,001). Tutkittavat, jotka kokivat terveytens\u00e4 hyv\u00e4ksi tai eritt\u00e4in hyv\u00e4ksi, kokivat itsens\u00e4 useammin kronologista ik\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4 nuoremmiksi verrattuna niihin, jotka kokivat terveytens\u00e4 huonoksi tai eritt\u00e4in huonoksi (OR = 2,47; 95 % LV = 1,26\u20134,85; p = 0,009). Koettu terveys ei kuitenkaan selitt\u00e4nyt itsearvioidun stressinhallintakyvyn ja koetun i\u00e4n v\u00e4list\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4. \n\nTutkimus antoi viitteit\u00e4 siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 itsen\u00e4isesti kotona asuvat ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet henkil\u00f6t kokevat itsens\u00e4 usein kronologista ik\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4 nuoremmiksi. Stressinhallintakyky oli itsen\u00e4isesti yhteydess\u00e4 koettuun ik\u00e4\u00e4n riippumatta terveydentilasta tai taustamuuttujista. Stressinhallintakyky saattaakin toimia vastoink\u00e4ymisten puskurina edist\u00e4en nuoremman koetun i\u00e4n yll\u00e4pysymist\u00e4 pidemp\u00e4\u00e4n. Tulevaisuudessa tarvitaan lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta suomalaisten ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden henkil\u00f6iden koetusta i\u00e4st\u00e4 ja siihen yhteydess\u00e4 olevista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2025-04-24T10:49:45Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2025-04-24T10:49:45Z (GMT). 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